Turkiye Klinikleri Archives of Lung

.: REVIEW
Astım ve Beslenme Etkileşimi
Interaction of Asthma and Nutrition: Review
Emine ELİBOLa, Nevin ŞANLIERa
aBeslenme ve Diyetetik AD, Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ankara
Turkiye Klinikleri Arch Lung. 2017;18(1):10-6
doi: 10.5336/archlung.2017-54793
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Gen ve çevre etkileşimi sonucu ortaya çıkan multifaktöriyel bir hastalık olan astımın prevalansı ve semptomlarının görülme sıklığı gelişmiş ülkelerde son 30 yılda önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Astımın oluşması ve hastalığın ilerlemesini etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden biri olan beslenme dikkatleri üzerine çekmektedir. Astımın patogenezinde rol oynayan oksidatif hasar solunum yolu düz kas kasılması, solunum yolu aşırı duyarlılığı, epitel dökülme ve damar eksüdasyonu dâhil solunum yolunda birçok zararlı etkiye neden olmaktadır. Antioksidan vitaminler A, C, E vitaminleri ile selenyum minerali gibi antioksidanlar birbirinden farklı mekanizmalarla oksidatif hasarı engelleyerek astım hastalığı üzerinde önemli rollere sahiptir. Ayrıca, astım üzerinde önemli besin ögelerinden biri olan D vitamininin astım patogenezini etkilediği yollardan biri T-hücreleri modülasyonudur. Astım inflamatuar bir süreç olduğundan, omega 3 çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinin yüksek alımı astım gelişimi üzerinde olumlu etkilere sahip olabilmektedir. Dünya genelinde milyonları etkileyen kronik hastalıklardan olan astım ve obezite prevalansının eş zamanlı artışı aralarındaki ilişkiyi gündeme getirmektedir. Obezite ile ilişkili tümör nekrozis faktör-alfa (TNF-α) önemli bir proinflamatuar ve immün sistemi uyarıcı sitokindir. Hem astım hem de obezitede bir TNF-geninin 308-G/A polimorfizmi görülebilmektedir. Ayrıca, adipokinlerden salgılanan leptin hormonu akciğerlerin gelişimi içinde önemli olan lipofibroblastların normal fibroblastlara farklılaşmasını sağlamakta ve akciğer sürfaktan fosfolipit sentezinde rol alabilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, astım, beslenme ve obezite arasındaki ilişkinin irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Astım; beslenme durumu; antioksidanlar; obezite
ABSTRACT
The incidence and prevalence of symptoms of asthma that occur as a result of geneenvironment interactions has increased significantly over the last 30 years in developed countries. Nutrition that is one of the most important factors affecting the progression and the occurrence of asthma is drawed attention. Oxidative damage, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma, causes many harmful effects on the respiratory tract including. Smooth muscle contraction of the respiratory tract, respiratory hypersensitivity, epithelial shedding and vascular exudation. Vitamins A, C, E and selenium have important roles in asthma disease by inhibiting oxidative damage by different mechanisms. One of the ways in which vitamin D affects asthma pathogenesis is the modulation of T-cells. Because asthma is an inflammatory process, high intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can have positive effects on asthma development. There is a similar relationship between asthma and TNF polymorphism in obesity. Worldwide, simultaneous increase in the prevalence of asthma and obesity which are chronic diseases affecting millions of people raises the importance of the relationship between them. Obesity-related tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) is an important proinflammatory and immunocyte-stimulating cytokine. Both asthma and obesity can result in 308-G/A polymorphism of a TNF-gene. In addition, the leptin hormone secreted from adipokines, which is important in the development of the lungs, causes the differentiation of lipofibroblasts into normal fibroblasts and may play a role in lung surfactant phospholipid synthesis. Therefore, this review was conducted to explain the relationship between among asthma, nutrition and obesity.

Keywords: Asthma; nutritional status; antioxidants; obesity

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