Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Cardiology

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Esansiyel Hipertansiyonda Nitrendipine'in Akut ve Kısa Dönem Kardiyovasküler Etkileri
Esansiyel Hipertansiyonda Nitrendipine'in Akut ve Kısa Dönem Kardiyovasküler Etkileri
Ahmet IŞIK*, Harika ÇELEBİ**, İhsan GÜNAL***, H. Cahit ELMACI**, Şafak YÜKSEK***, Cemal LÜLECİ****
*Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kardiyoloji AD**, Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kardiyoloji AD***, Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kardiyoloji AD****, Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kardiyoloji AD, ELAZIĞ
Turkiye Klinikleri J Cardiol. 1995;8(3):138-45
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Bu çalışmada dihydropyridine türevi nitrendipinein esansiyel hipertansiyonlu 51 olguda akut (tek doz) ve 14 olguda kısa dönem (12 hafta) kardiyovasküler etkileri incelendi. İlaç uygulaması öncesi, ilacın zirve etki dönemi, kısa dönem ilaç uygulamasının 1, 6 ve 12. haftalarında nabız, sistolik ve diyastolik kan basınçları (SKB, DKB) ölçüldü. Ortalama kan basıncı (OKB), atım hacmi (AV), dakika hacmi (D), total periferik vasküler direnç (TPVR) ve büyük arter distansibilitesi (BAD) hesaplandı. Devamlı Doppler ile aort sistolik akım ve transmitral akım örnekleri değerlendirildi. Akut doz fazında nitrendipinein hem küçük, hem de büyük arterler üzerinde aynı anda etki göstererek TPVRı %22 ve nabız basıncı/atım hacmi oranını %19 azalttığı (herbiri için, p<0.0001), böylece arteriyel distansibiliteyi artırdığı görüldü. SKB, DKB ve OKBnı başlangıca göre % 75 azaltarak etkili şekilde düşürdü (herbiri için, p<0.0001). Kalp hızı (%7), atım hacmi (%12) ve dakika hacminde (%21) artış meydana getirdi (herbiri için, p<0.0001). Akut doz fazının aksine nitrendipine ile 3 aylık oral tedavi refleks taşikardi, volüm artması meydana getirmeden SKB, DKB ve OKBnı etkili şekilde düşürdü (herbiri için, p<0.001). Doppler parametreleri açısından, akut doz fazında afterloadda düşme ve sempatik aktivasyonda artışa bağlı olarak aort sistolik ortalama ve zirve akım hızlarında (sırası ile;p<0.0001, p<0.005), akselerasyon ve deselerasyon (sırası ile; p<0.01, p<0.005) artış görüldü. Transmitral akım hızları ile değerlendirilen diyastolik fonksiyon parametrelerinde de belirgin değişim saptandı. Toplam mitral ortalama akım hızı (MVM), erken diyastolik dolumun ortalama ve zirve akım hızları (EVM, E) ve geç diyastolik doluş ortalama akım hızında (A VM) artış görülürken (sırası ile; p<0.0025, p<0.025, p<0.0025, p<0.025) erken diyastolik zirve akım hızı/geç diyastolik zirve akım hızı oranı (E/A) ve atriyal dolumun total doluma olan katkısı (%AFV/TFV) değişmedi. Kalp hızındaki refleks artışa bağlı olarak erken ve geç diyastolik doluş sürelerinde ve izovolemik relaksasyon süresinde kısalma görüldü (sırası ile; p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.05). 12 haftalık kası dönem sonunda ise, gerek aort sistolik akım, gerekse diyastolik dolum parametrelerinde herhangi bir farklılık saptanmadı. Sonuçta, nitrendipinein her iki fazda arteriyel distansibiliteyi artırarak kan basınçlarını etkili şekilde düşürdüğü, ancak akut ve kısa dönem uygulamalarında aort sistolik akımını ve diyastolik dolum parametrelerini farklı şekilde etkilediği görüldü.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Esansiyel hipertansiyon, Nitrendipine, Doppler ekokardiyografi, Sol ventrikül fonksiyonları
ABSTRACT
In this study, the acute (single dose) and the short term (12 weeks) cardiovascular effects of nitrendipine in 51 and 14 cases with essentially hypertensive respectively were evaluated. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP) were measured at baseline, peak effect time, and on the 1st, 6th and 12th weeks respectively. The mean blood pressure (MBP), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR) and large artery distansibility (LAD) were calculated. Aort systolic and transmitral flows were evaluated with continious Doppler. During acute dose phase, nitrendipine decreased TVPR by 22% and the ratio of pulse pressure/stroke volume by 19% (for each one, p<0.0001) by affecting both small and large arteries simultaneously, thus it increased arterial distansibility. It significantly decreased SBP, DBP and MAP by 15% (for each one, p<0.0001). It increased heart rate (7%), SV (12%) and CO (21%); (for each one, p<0.0001). Contrary to its acute effects, it significantly decreased SBP, DBP and MBP (for each one, p<0.001) without reflex tachycardia and volume overload after three months treatment. In respect to Doppler parameters, aort systolic mean and peak flow velocities (p<0.0001 and p<0.005 respectively), and its acceleration and decceleration averages (p<0.01 andp<0.005 respectively) increased, because of increased symphatetic activity and decreased afterload in the acute phase. It was also found that, there were significant alterations in the diastolic function parameters assessed by transmitral flow vélocités. While total mitral flow velocity (MVM), the mean and peak flow vélocités early diastolic filling (EVM, E), the mean flow velocity of late diastolic filling (AVM) were increasing (p<0,0025, p<0.025, p<0.0025, p<0.025 respectively), the ratio of early to late diastolic filling (E/A) and the supplemantary effect of atrial filling on total filling (AFV/TFV%) didnt change. It was seen that the time of early and late diastolic fillings and the isovolumic relaxation time were become shorter (p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.05 respectively) because of the reflex tachycardia. At the and of the short term (12 weeks), no change was seen in both aort systolic flow and diastolic filling parameters. In conclusion, nitrendipine significantly reduced blood pressure by increasing arterial distansibillty in the both phases, but it differently affected the aort systolic flow and diastolic filling parameters in the acute and short term.

Keywords: Essential hypertension. Nitrendipine. Doppler echocardiography. Left ventricular diastolic function

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