Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

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Gebeliğin İntrahepatik Kolestazı: Etiyopatogenez, Maternal Etkiler, Fetal Etkiler ve Yaklaşım
Gestational Intrahepatic Cholestasis: Etiology, Maternal Outcome, Fetal Outcome and Management
Çiğdem YAYLA ABİDEa, Fisun VURALb
aKadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği, Zeynep Kamil Kadın ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi,
bKadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği, Haydarpaşa Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İstanbul
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2017;2(3):174-83
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2016-52113
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Gebeliğin intrahepatik kolestazı (GİK) gebeliğe özgü bir karaciğer hastalığıdır. Sıklıkla gebeliğin ikinci trimester sonu ve üçüncü trimester başlarında kaşıntı ile bulgu vermektedir. GİK tanısı genel olarak döküntüsüz kaşıntı ve yüksek maternal serum safra asit konsantrasyonu ve/veya karaciğer fonksiyon testlerinde bozukluk ile konulmaktadır. Doğumdan sonra hastaların klinik ve laboratuvar değerlerinde spontan olarak düzelme izlenmektedir. Multifaktöriyel bir hastalıktır. Çeşitli genetik, hormonal ve endokrin metabolizmaların GİK etiyolojisinde rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Patogenezi tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Maternal etkiler hafif olmakla beraber, olumsuz fetal etkilerin (preterm doğum, mekonyumlu amniyotik mayi, fetal distres, ölü doğum) sıklığında bir artış söz konusudur. Bu yüzden GİK yüksek riskli gebelik kategorisinde yer almaktadır. GİK tanısı alan hastaların yönetiminde bir görüş birliği yoktur, çünkü fetal iyilik hâlini belirleyen antenatal testlerin fetal kötü sonuçları öngörmede başarısız olduğu birçok çalışmada gösterilmiştir. Yine de hastaların yönetiminde önerilen; GİK tanısı alan hastaların antenatal yakın izlemi ve ardından da aktif müdahale ile 37-38. haftalarda doğum indüksiyonudur, çünkü birçok çalışmada ani intrauterin fetal ölümlerin 38. haftadan sonra izlendiği rapor edilmiştir. Farmakolojik tedavide ise amaç, maternal semptomları azaltmak ve fetal olumsuz etkileri düzeltmektir. Bu amaçla kullanılan en etkin ve güvenli ilaç ursodeoksikolik asit (UDKA)?tir. GİK tanısı alan hastaların doğum sonrası uzun dönem izlemi bırakılmamalıdır, çünkü birtakım karaciğer ve biliyer hastalıkların gelişme riskinin bu hastalarda artmış olduğunu gösteren çalışmalar literatürde mevcuttur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kolestazisi, gebeliğin intrahepatik; sarılık
ABSTRACT
Gestational intrahepatic cholestasis (GIC) is a liver disease unique to pregnancy. Frequently it presents with pruritus at the end of the second trimester and the beginning of the third trimester of the pregnancy. GIC is diagnosed by pruritus and high level of maternal serum bile cid concentration and/or liver function test abnormality. After delivery, the clinical symptoms resolve and the lab abnormalities return to normal level spontaneously. It's a multifactorial disease. It's believed that various genetic, hormonal and endocrine metabolism have got a role on GIC etiology. Its pathology is not completely understood. Although maternal outcome is not serious, the increase in the case of negative fetal outcome (preterm delivery, meconium staining amniotic fluid, fetal distress, stillbirth) can be observed. There is no consensus in the management of GIC diagnosed patients because the prediction of fetal negative outcome of antenatal testing, performed to reduce stillbirth, is unsuccessful. However, what is recommended in the management of the GIC is closed antenatal observation and scheduled induction of labor at the 37-38th weeks of the pregnancy because it is reported that sudden fetal death occurs after the 38th weeks of the pregnancy. The aim of the pharmacologic treatment is the relief of the maternal symptoms and the negative fetal outcome. The most effective and safest medicine used for this purpose is ursodeoxycholic acid. The GIC diagnosed patients should have the long term management process after delivery because it is reported that these patients have an increased risk of liver and biliary disease.

Keywords: Cholestasis, intrahepatic of pregnancy; jaundice

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