Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocuklarının COVID-19 Sürecinde Değişen Yaşam Tarzı ve Beslenme Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Araştırma
Evaluation of Changing Lifestyle and Nutrition Habits of Preschool Children During COVID-19 Process: Cross Sectional Study
Çağla AYERa , Ezgi EKİNOĞLUb , Gülşah KANER TOHTAKa
aİzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik ABD, İzmir, Türkiye
bSelçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beslenme ve Diyetetik ABD, Konya, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2024;9(2):256-65
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2024-101543
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmada, okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] ile değişen yaşam tarzı alışkanlarını belirlemek ve beslenme alışkanlıkları riskini saptamak amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma, 3-6 yaş arasındaki 739 okul öncesi dönem çocuğun katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların genel özellikleri, yaşam tarzı ve beslenme alışkanlıkları bir anket formu aracılığıyla yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile sorgulanmıştır. Beslenme Alışkanlıkları Risk İndeksi aracılığı ile beslenme riski değerlendirilmiştir. Vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu ölçülüp yaşa göre beden kitle indeksi z-skoru hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çocukların yaş ortalamaları 4,73±1,05 yıl ve yaşa göre beden kitle indeksi z-skoru ortalamaları 0,51±1,84'tür. COVID-19 öncesinde ortalama Beslenme Alışkanlıkları Risk İndeksi puanının (8,96±2,79), pandemi sürecinde (10,26±2,89) anlamlı düzeyde arttığı belirlenmiştir (p<0,001). COVID-19 öncesine göre çocukların fiziksel aktivitelerinin azaldığı (p<0,001), öğün saati düzenlerinin bozulduğu (p<0,001), uyku sürelerinin ve ekran maruziyetinin arttığı (sırasıyla p=0,001; p<0,001) belirlenmiştir. Pandemi öncesi yüksek Beslenme Alışkanlıkları Risk İndeksi puanı (p<0,001), kahvaltıyı atlama (p=0,011), tokluk hissine rağmen atıştırma (p<0,001) ve erkek cinsiyet (p=0,019) pandemi sürecindeki Beslenme Alışkanlıkları Risk İndeksi puanını etkilemektedir. Sonuç: Pandemi sürecinde, okul öncesi dönem çocuklarında olumsuz sağlık sonuçlarına neden olabilecek yaşam tarzı alışkanlıklarında değişiklikler belirlenmiş ve beslenme riskinin arttığı saptanmıştır. Beslenme riskini azaltmak için sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıkları ile düzenli fiziksel aktivite, yeterli uyku süresi ve düşük ekran maruziyeti gibi yaşam tarzı alışkanlıklarında da değişiklikler önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Beslenme Alışkanlıkları Risk İndeksi; COVID-19; okul öncesi dönem çocukları
ABSTRACT
 Objective: It was aimed to determine the changing dietary and lifestyle habits of preschool children with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and to determine the risk of dietary habits. Material and Methods: The study was conducted with the participation of 739 preschool children aged 3-6 years. Participants' general characteristics, lifestyle, and nutrition habits were questioned through a questionnaire form using a face-to-face interview technique. Dietary risk was assessed using the Dietary Habits Risk Index. Body weight and height were measured and body mass index z-score for age was calculated. Results: The mean age of the children was 4.73±1.05 years and the mean body mass index z-score for age was 0.51±1.84. The average Dietary Habits Risk Index score before COVID-19 (8.96±2.79) was shown to have increased significantly throughout the pandemic (10.26±2.89) (p<0.001). It has been determined that children's physical activities have decreased (p<0.001), mealtime patterns have been disrupted (p<0.001), and their sleep duration and screen exposure have increased compared to before COVID-19 (respectively p=0.001; p<0.001). High Dietary Habits Risk Index score before the pandemic (p<0.001), skipping breakfast (p=0.011), snacking despite feeling full (p<0.001) and male gender (p=0.019) affect Dietary Habits Risk Index score during the pandemic. Conclusion: During the pandemic, changes in lifestyle habits that may cause negative health consequences in preschool children have been identified and nutritional risks have been found to increase. To reduce nutritional risk, healthy eating habits and changes in lifestyle habits, such as regular physical activity, adequate sleep time and reduced screen exposure, are also recommended.

Keywords: Dietary Habits Risk Index; COVID-19; preschool children
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