Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
İşitme Kayıplı Çocuklarda Sosyal İletişim Becerileri Kontrol Listesi: Türkçe Sürümünün Psikometrik Özellikleri
The Communication Skills Checklist for Children with Hearing Loss: Turkish Version Psychometric Properties
Filiz ASLANa, Hilal Burcu ÖZKANa, Jale KARAKAYAb, Esra YÜCELa, Gonca SENNAROĞLUa
aHacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Odyoloji Bölümü, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
bHacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Biyoistatistik ABD, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(3):576-84
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-77741
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Tipik gelişim gösteren işitme kaybı tanısı olan 2;0-6;11 yaş aralığındaki çocukların, sosyal iletişim becerilerini değerlendiren kontrol listesinin Türkçe sürümünün geçerlik ve güvenirlik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Sosyal iletişim becerileri kontrol listesi, işitme kayıplı çocuklarda sosyal dil (pragmatik) becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla geliştirilmiştir. Listede 45 madde bulunmaktadır ve yanıtlar 4'lü Likert (henüz yapmıyor, sözcük kullanmadan, 1 ya da 3 sözcük kullanarak, kompleks dil kullanarak) ile kaydedilmektedir. Yüz yirmi beş tipik gelişim gösteren işitme kayıplı çocuğun ve 20 tipik gelişim gösteren normal işitmeye sahip çocuğun ailesinden bilgi alınmıştır. İşitme kaybı grubundaki çocukların tanıları hastane dosyalarından alınmıştır. Sosyal iletişim becerileri kontrol listesi, pilot uygulama ve temel uygulama olmak üzere 2 aşamada uygulanmıştır. Kontrol listesinin Türkçe sürümünün geçerliliğini test etmek için kapsam geçerliliği, yapı geçerliliği ve listenin güvenirliğini test etmek için iç tutarlılık analizi ile incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Uzmanlar tarafından 45 maddelik listenin Kapsam Geçerlilik İndeksi %96 bulunmuştur. Sosyal iletişim becerileri kontrol listesinin iç tutarlılığını test etmek için madde-toplam, madde korelasyon ve Cronbach alfa testleri uygulanmıştır. Tüm katılımcılar (n=145) için Cronbach alfa katsayısı 0,98 olarak elde edilmiştir (p

Anahtar Kelimeler: Dil yeteneğinde gelişim kusurları; işitme kaybı; geçerlilik; güvenirlik; sosyal iletişim becerileri kontrol listesi
ABSTRACT
Objective: The examination of the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the social communication skills checklist which evaluates of children with diagnosed hearing loss between 2;00- 6;11 years old. Material and Methods: Social communication skills checklist aims to examine social language (pragmatic) skills in children with hearing loss. The scale contains 45 items, and the responses were recorded in quadruple Likert (not yet doing, using words, using 1 or 3 words, using complex language). Information was obtained from the families of 125 children with typical hearing loss and 20 children with typical development. Social communication skills checklist was implemented in two stages as pilot application and main application. To test the validity of the Turkish version, the content validity was examined by internal consistency analysis to test its construct validity and reliability. The diagnoses of the children in the hearing loss group were taken from the patient files. Results: The Content Validity Index of the 45-item list was 96%. Item-total item correlation and Cronbach alpha tests were applied to test the internal consistency of the social communication skills checklist. Cronbach alpha coefficient was obtained as 0.98 for all participants (n=145) (p<0.001). Guttman reliability coefficient for all items was 0.96 (p<0.001). One-dimensional structure explains 67.85% of the total variance. In the one-dimensional structure, factor loads were determined to vary between 0.71 and 0.89 among all items. Conclusion: Social communication skills checklist, 2;0 to 6;11 is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to evaluate the social communication skills of children with hearing loss, which show typical development.

Keywords: Pragmatic language delay; hearing loss; validity; reliability; social communication skills checklist
REFERENCES:
  1. Topbaş S. Dil ve Toplum. Dil ve Kavram Gelişimi. 5. Baskı. Ankara: Kök Yayıncılık; 2005. p.14-5.
  2. Topbaş S. Konuşma ve Dil. Çocukta Dil ve Kavram Gelişimi. 5. Baskı. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları: Ankara: Kök Yayıncılık; 2000. p.16.
  3. Pinker S. Dil İçgüdüsü. [The language instinct: How the mind creates language. An Instinct to Acquire an Art]. 1. Baskı. İlgün F, çeviri editörü. İstanbul: Bilge Kültür-Sanat Yayınları; 2018.
  4. Bloom L, Lahey M. Language Development and Language Disorders. 1st ed. New Jersey: ABD: Macmillan; 1978.
  5. Owens RE. Language Development: An Introduction. 6th ed. Boston: Allyn&Bacon; 2005.
  6. Loukusa S, Leinonen E, Ryder N. Development of pragmatic language comprehension in Finnish-speaking children. First Language. 2007;27(3):279-96. [Crossref] 
  7. Longobardi E, Lonigro A, Laghi F, O'Neill DK. Pragmatic language development in 18-to 47-month-old Italian children: a study with the Language Use Inventory. First Language. 2017;37(3):252-66. [Crossref] 
  8. Weisel A, Most T, Efron C. Initiations of social interactions by young hearing impaired preschoolers. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2005;10(2):161-70. Erratum in: J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2005;10(3):318. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  9. Davis JM, Elfenbein J, Schum R, Bentler RA. Effects of mild and moderate hearing impairments on language, educational, and psychosocial behavior of children. J Speech Hear Disord. 1986;51(1):53-62. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  10. Dammeyer J. A longitudinal study of pragmatic language development in three children with cochlear implants. Deafness & Education International. 2012;14(4):217-32. [Crossref] 
  11. Peterson CC. Theory-of-mind development in oral deaf children with cochlear implants or conventional hearing aids. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004;45(6):1096-106. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  12. Toe DM, Paatsch LE. The communication skills used by deaf children and their hearing peers in a question-and-answer game context. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2010;15(3):228-41. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  13. Toe DM, Paatsch LE. The conversational skills of school-aged children with cochlear implants. Cochlear Implants Int. 2013;14(2):67-79. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  14. Kelly C, Morgan G, Freeth M, Siegal M, Matthews D. The Understanding of Communicative Intentions in Children with Severe-to-Profound Hearing Loss. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2019;1;24(3):245-54. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  15. Stinson M, Whitmire K. Students' views of their social relationships. In: Kluwin TN, Moores DF, Gaustad MG, eds. Towards Effective Public School Programs for Deaf Students: Context Process and Outcomes. New York: Teachers College Press; 1992. p.149-74.
  16. Antia SD, Kreimeyer KH, Eldredge N. Promoting social interaction between young children with hearing impairments and their peers. Exceptional Children. 1993;60(3):262-75. [Crossref] 
  17. Brown PM, Bortoli A, Remine MD, Othman BF. Social engagement, attention and competence of preschoolers with hearing loss. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs. 2008;8(1):19-26. [Crossref] 
  18. Bobzien J, Richels C, Raver SA, Hester P, Browning H, Morin L, et al. An observational study of social communication skills in eight preschoolers with and without hearing loss during cooperative play. Early Childhood Education Journal. 2013;41(5):339-46. [Crossref] 
  19. Savtak GA, Diken IH, Ardıç A, Diken Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Gilliam J, et al. Adaptation and Examining psychometrical properties of Pragmatic Language Skills Inventory (PLSI) in Turkey. İlköğretim Online. 2014;13(1):258-73. [Link] 
  20. Diken Ö. Pragmatic language skills of children with developmental disabilities: a descriptive and relational study in Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2014;55:109-22. [Crossref] 
  21. Goberis D. Social communication skills-the pragmatics checklist. [Link] 
  22. Simon CS. Functional-pragmatic evaluation of communication skills in school-aged children. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools. 1984;15(2):83-97. [Crossref] 
  23. IBM Corp. SPSS statistics for windows, version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp; 2013. [Link] 
  24. Şencan H. Sosyal ve Davranışsal Ölçümlerde Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi; 2005.
  25. Toe D, Paatsch L, Szarkowski A. Assessing pragmatic skills using checklists with children who are deaf and hard of hearing: a systematic review. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2019;1;24(3):189-200. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  26. Goberis D, Beams D, Dalpes M, Abrisch A, Baca R, Yoshinaga-Itano C, et al. The missing link in language development of deaf and hard of hearing children: pragmatic language development. Semin Speech Lang. 2012;33(4):297-309. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  27. Alpar R. Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatiksel Yöntemler. 4. Baskı. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık; 2017.
  28. İslamoğlu A, Alnıaçık Ü. Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. 6. Baskı. İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık; 2016.
  29. Jeanes RC, Nienhuys TG, Rickards FW. The pragmatic skills of profoundly deaf children. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2000;5(3):237-47. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  30. Socher M, Lyxell B, Ellis R, Gärskog M, Hedström I, Wass M, et al. Pragmatic language skills: a comparison of children with cochlear implants and children without hearing loss. Front Psychol. 20199;10:2243. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  31. Guerzoni L, Murri A, Fabrizi E, Nicastri M, Mancini P, Cuda D, et al. Social conversational skills development in early implanted children. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(9):2098-105. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  32. Most T, Shina-August E, Meilijson S. Pragmatic abilities of children with hearing loss using cochlear implants or hearing AIDS compared to hearing children. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2010;15(4):422-37. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  33. Rinaldi P, Baruffaldi F, Burdo S, Caselli MC. Linguistic and pragmatic skills in toddlers with cochlear implant. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2013;48(6):715-25. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  34. Kronenberger WG, Pisoni DB, Harris MS, Hoen HM, Xu H, Miyamoto RT, et al. Profiles of verbal working memory growth predict speech and language development in children with cochlear implants. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2013;56(3):805-25. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  35. Matthews D, Biney H, Abbot-Smith K. Individual differences in children's pragmatic ability: a review of associations with formal language, social cognition, and executive functions. Language Learning and Development. 2018;14(3):186-223. [Crossref] 

.: Up To Date

Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com