Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Medical Neglect Towards Children: Causes, Impacts, Prevention
Çocuğa Yönelik Tıbbi İhmal: Nedenleri, Etkileri ve Önlenmesi
Vedat KÖSEOĞLUa, Aynur BÜTÜN AYHANb, Utku BEYAZITc
aDepartment of Pediatric Oncology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Retired Prof. Dr., Ankara, TURKEY
bDepartment of Child Development, Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, TURKEY
cDepartment of Child Development, Akdeniz University Kumluca Faculty of Health Sciences, Antalya, TURKEY
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(3):665-74
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-78583
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
The concept of neglect is defined as the failure of adults to meet the needs, ensure the well-being and protect the children whose care is their responsibility. It is classified as a type of child maltreatment and is grouped into 6 categories, namely physical, cognitive, supervisory, cognitive, educational and medical neglect. Medical neglect is of significant importance due to its probable consequences and is defined as the failure to provide medical care and the inability to meet the child's basic health needs. While some cases of medical neglect may emerge due to reasons such as the loss of family function as a result of domestic violence, poverty, parental mental health issues, or parents use of drugs and alcohol, in some cases, it occurs when the parents or caregivers actively reject the administration of medical care to the child. It can lead to severe health problems and even fatality and emerges as a public health concern. Despite the fact that the concept of medical neglect towards children is assessed within the scope of child abuse and neglect, it is of crucial importance to evaluate its origins and consequences within its own dynamics. Considering that the concept has become a severe social problem, the realization of preventive programs becomes a necessity. Within this context, in this study, the subject of medical neglect towards children will be addressed and suggestions for prevention will be made in line with its causes and effects.

Keywords: Child; medical neglect; causes; impacts; prevention
ÖZET
Erişkin bireylerin bakmakla yükümlü oldukları çocuklarının iyilik hâllerini sağlamakta, ihtiyaçlarını karşılamakta ve korumakta yetersiz kalmaları durumu olarak tanımlanan ve çocuk istismarı türlerinden biri olan çocuk ihmali kavramı, genel olarak duygusal, fiziksel, denetimsel ve bilişsel ihmal; eğitimin ihmali ve tıbbi ihmal olmak üzere 6 gruba ayrılmaktadır. Olası sonuçları açısından ele alındığında önemle üzerinde durulması gereken bir ihmal türü olarak ortaya çıkan tıbbi ihmal kavramı; çocuk için gerekli olan tıbbi bakımın temin edilmesinde yetersizlik, çocuğun zarar göreceği biçimde temel sağlık bakımı gereksinimlerinin karşılanamaması ve devam ettirilememesi gibi durumlar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bazı tıbbi ihmal olguları, aile içi şiddet, yoksulluk, ebeveyn ruh sağlığı sorunları, ebeveynin uyuşturucu ve alkol kullanımı sonucunda aile işlevlerinin bozulması gibi nedenlerle ortaya çıkabilirken, bazı durumlarda ise ebeveynler veya bakım verenler tarafından çocuklar adına tıbbi tedavinin aktif olarak reddedilmesi sonucu gerçekleşmektedir. Sonuçları açısından çocuğun sağlığının bozulmasına ve hatta ölümüne yol açabilmekte, yaygınlığı giderek artan bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak görülmektedir. Çocuğa yönelik tıbbi ihmal kavramının, çocuk istismarı ve ihmali kapsamında ele alınmakla birlikte, ortaya çıkış nedenleri ve sonuçları bakımından kendi dinamikleri içinde değerlendirilmesi önem taşımaktadır. Olgunun önemli bir sosyal soruna dönüştüğü kabul edilecek olursa, önleyici programların hayata geçirilmesine büyük ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada, çocuğa yönelik tıbbi ihmal kavramının üzerinde durulacak, nedenleri ve etkileri doğrultusunda tıbbi ihmali önlemeye ilişkin öneriler sunulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Çocuk; tıbbi ihmal; nedenler; etkiler; önleme
REFERENCES:
  1. McCoy M, Keen SM. Child Abuse and Neglect. 2nd ed. New York: Psychology Press; 2013. [Crossref] 
  2. Tuğrul B. [Why is it important to know about child's development?]. Derman O, editör. Çocuk İstismarına ve İhmaline Yaklaşım. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Akademisyen Tıp Kitabevi; 2014. p.9-16.
  3. Beyazıt U, Bütün Ayhan A. The examination of parents' neglectful behaviors towards their children according to their own childhood history of neglect. 5th International Symposium on Social Sciences, 27-29 April, Proceedings, 2019, Antalya, Turkey. p.1863-72.
  4. Beyazova U. [Neglect]. Derman O, editör. Çocuk İstismarına ve İhmaline Yaklaşım. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Akademisyen Tıp Kitabevi; 2014. p.35-6.
  5. Şahin F. [Child neglect: Evidences for diagnosis and treatment for medical doctors]. Klinik Pediatri. 2002;1(3):103-6.
  6. Küpeli S, Kanbur N, Derman O. [Child abuse: a case presentation]. STED. 2003;12(4):129-30. [Link] 
  7. İnsan Hakları Derneği. Çocuk İhmali ve İstismarını Önleme: Öğretmenler ve Aileler İçin Eğitim Kılavuzu. Ankara: Berkay Ofset; 2008. [Link] 
  8. UNICEF. Annual results report 2017. Child protection. 2017. [Link] 
  9. World Health Organization. Global Status Report On Preventing Violence Against Children 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. [Link] 
  10. TOÇEV. Türkiye'deki Risk Altındaki Çocuklar Raporu. TOÇEV: İstanbul; 2019. [Link] 
  11. Gershater-Molko RM, Lutzker JR, Sherman JA. Assessing child neglect. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 2003;8(6):563-85. [Crossref] 
  12. Dubowitz H, Pitts SC, Litrownik AJ, Cox CE, Runyan D, Black MM. Defining child neglect based on child protective services data. Child Abuse Negl. 2005;29(5):493-511. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  13. Committee on Child Maltreatment Research, Policy, and Practice for the Next Decade: Phase II; Board on Children, Youth, and Families; Committee on Law and Justice; Institute of Medicine; National Research Council. New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research. Petersen AC, Joseph J, Feit M, editors. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2014. [PubMed] 
  14. Boos SC, Fortin K. Medical neglect. Pediatr Ann. 2014;43(11):e253-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  15. Religious objections to medical care. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Bioethics. Pediatrics. 1997;99(2):279-81. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  16. Jenny C; Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, American Academy of Pediatrics. Recognizing and responding to medical neglect. Pediatrics. 2007;120(6):1385-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  17. Child Welfare Information Gateway. Acts of omission: An overview of child neglect. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children's Bureau. 2018. [Link] 
  18. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children's Bureau. Child maltreatment 2013. 2015. [Link] 
  19. Parmeter J, Tzioumi D, Woolfenden S. Medical neglect at a tertiary paediatric hospital. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2018;77:134-43. [Crossref] 
  20. Fortin K, Kwon S, Pierce MC. Characteristics of children reported to child protective services for medical neglect. Hosp Pediatr. 2016;6(4):204-10. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  21. Linnard-Palmer L, Kools S. Parents' refusal of medical treatment based on religious and/or cultural beliefs: the law, ethical principles, and clinical implications. J Pediatr Nurs. 2004;19(5):351-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  22. Young BR. Defending child medical neglect: Christian science persuasive rhetoric. Rhetoric Review. 2001;20(3-4):268-92. [Crossref] 
  23. Sinal SH, Cabinum-Foeller E, Socolar R. Religion and medical neglect. South Med J. 2008;101(7):703-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  24. Myers JEB. Neglect of children's health: too many irons in the fire, 8 J. L & Fam Stud. 317. 2006. [Link] 
  25. Polat O. [Definitions.]. Tüm Boyutlarıyla Çocuk İstismarı-1. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık; 2017.
  26. Guterman NB, Tabone JK, Bryan GM, Taylor CA, Napoleon-Hanger C, Banman A. Examining the effectiveness of home-based parent aide services to reduce risk for physical child abuse and neglect: six-month findings from a randomized clinical trial. Child Abuse Negl. 2013;37(8):566-77. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  27. Bérubé A, Lafantaisie V, Dubeau D, Coutu S, Caron J, Devault A. Using implementation evaluation to uncover a child neglect prevention program. Eval Program Plann. 2014;45:1-8. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  28. Dubowitz H, Black MM, Starr RH, Zuravin S. Conceptual definition of child neglect. Criminal Justice Behav. 1993;20(1):8-26. [Crossref] 
  29. Dubowitz H. Neglect in children. Pediatr Ann. 2013;42(4):73-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  30. Yetim B, Çelik Y. [Access to healthcare: the issue of unmet needs]. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet. 2020;31(2):423-40. [Crossref] 
  31. Geffken G, Johnson SB, Silverstein J, Rosenbloom A. The death of a child with diabetes from neglect. A case study. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1992;31(6):325-30. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  32. Tyler S, Allison K, Winsler A. Child neglect: Developmental consequences, intervention, and policy implications. Child & Youth Care Forum. 2006;35(1):1-20. [Crossref] 
  33. Homan GJ. Failure to thrive: a practical guide. Am Fam Physician. 2016;94(4):295-9. [PubMed] 
  34. Brown RC, Heines S, Witt A, Braehler E, Fegert JM, Harsch D, et al. The impact of child maltreatment on non-suicidal self-injury: data from a representative sample of the general population. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(1):181. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  35. Bick J, Nelson CA. Early experience and brain development. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2017;8(1-2). [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  36. Grilo CM, Masheb RM. Childhood psychological, physical, and sexual maltreatment in outpatients with binge eating disorder: frequency and associations with gender, obesity, and eating-related psychopathology. Obes Res. 2001;9(5):320-5. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  37. Allison KC, Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Stunkard AJ. High self-reported rates of neglect and emotional abuse, by persons with binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45(12):2874-83. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  38. Allen DB, Fost N. Obesity and neglect: it's about the child. J Pediatr. 2012;160(6):898-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  39. Nikulina V, Widom CS. Do race, neglect, and childhood poverty predict physical health in adulthood? A multilevel prospective analysis. Child Abuse Negl. 2014;38(3):414-24. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  40. WHO. Severe Acute Malnutrition 2019. Available at[Link] 
  41. Widom CS, Czaja S, Wilson HW, Allwood M, Chauhan P. Do the long-term consequences of neglect differ for children of different races and ethnic backgrounds? Child Maltreatment. 2013;18(1):42-55. [Crossref] 
  42. Lippard ETC, Nemeroff CB. The devastating clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect: increased disease vulnerability and poor treatment response in mood disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2020;177(1):20-36. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  43. Norman RE, Byambaa M, De R, Butchart A, Scott J, Vos T. The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2012;9(11):e1001349. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  44. O'Hara M, Legano L, Homel P, Walker-Descartes I, Rojas M, Laraque D. Children neglected: where cumulative risk theory fails. Child Abuse Negl. 2015;45:1-8. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  45. Spratt EG, Friedenberg SL, Swenson CC, Larosa A, De Bellis MD, Macias MM, et al. The effects of early neglect on cognitive, language, and behavioral functioning in childhood. Psychology (Irvine). 2012;3(2):175-82. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  46. Roberts GM, Wheeler JG, Tucker NC, Hackler C, Young K, Maples HD, et al. Nonadherence with pediatric human immunodeficiency virus therapy as medical neglect. Pediatrics. 2004;114(3):e346-53. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  47. Welch GL, Bonner BL. Fatal child neglect: characteristics, causation, and strategies for prevention. Child Abuse Negl. 2013;37(10):745-52. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  48. Harper NS. Neglect: failure to thrive and obesity. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2014;61(5):937-57. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  49. Keeshin BR, Dubowitz H. Childhood neglect: the role of the paediatrician. Paediatr Child Health. 2013;18(8):e39-43. [PubMed] [PMC] 
  50. Mennen FE, Kim K, Sang J, Trickett PK. Child neglect: definition and identification of youth's experiences in official reports of maltreatment. Child Abuse Negl. 2010;34(9):647-58. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  51. Hornsey MJ, Harris EA, Fielding KS. The psychological roots of anti-vaccination attitudes: A 24-nation investigation. Health Psychol. 2018;37(4):307-15. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  52. Dubé E, Vivion M, MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal and the anti-vaccine movement: influence, impact and implications. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2015;14(1):99-117. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  53. Chervenak FA, McCullough LB, Brent RL. Professional responsibility and early childhood vaccination. J Pediatr. 2016;169:305-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  54. UNICEF. Immunization Agenda 2030: A Global Strategy To Leave No One Behind. 2019. [Link] 
  55. WHO. Global vaccine action plan decade of vaccine collaboration. Vaccine. 2013;31(2): B5-B31. [Crossref] 
  56. Gür E. [Vaccine hesitancy - vaccine refusal]. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2019;54(1):1-2. [Link] 
  57. Baysal SU. [Medical neglect]. Polat O, editör. Tüm Boyutlarıyla Çocuk İstismarı-1. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık; 2007. p.265-75.
  58. Asser SM, Swan R. Child fatalities from religion-motivated medical neglect. Pediatrics. 1998;101(4 Pt 1):625-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  59. UNICEF. More women and children survive today than ever before - UN report. 2019. [Link] 
  60. Şahin F. [Physical, sexual and emotional abuse of the child]. Çocuk ve Şiddet Çalıştayı Raporu; 2009.
  61. Kara B, Biçer Ü, Gökalp AS. [Child abuse]. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2004;47:140-51. [Link] 
  62. Öncü E, Kurt A, Esenay FI. [Abuse of working children within the family]. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2012;10(3):128-40. [Link] 
  63. Stowman SA, Donohue B. Assessing child neglect: a review of standardized measures. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 2005;10(4):491-512. [Crossref] 
  64. Beyazıt U, Bütün Ayhan A. The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the multidimensional neglectful behavior scale-child report (10-15 years form). Current Psychology. 2019;38:1099-109. [Crossref] 
  65. Beyazıt U, Bütün Ayhan A. The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the multidimensional neglectful behavior scale-parents form. Current Psychology 2019;38:1121-30. [Crossref] 
  66. Keser N, Odabaş E, Elibüyük S. [The evaluation of parents' knowledge about child abuse]. Turkish J Pediatr Dis. 2010;4(3):150-7. [Link] 
  67. Beyazıt U, Bütün Ayhan A. A study on the mother education program for the prevention of child neglect. Psychological Reports. 2019;122(6):2178-200. [Crossref] 
  68. Mian M, Boothby MRK. [Multi-sectorial approach to the prevention of child abuse]. Dağlı ET, editör. Çocuk Koruma Sistemleri. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Çocuk Koruma Merkezlerini Destekleme Derneği; 2016. p.38-53. [Link] 
  69. Beyazıt U, Bütün Ayhan A. [The comparison of children's neglect status according to socio-economic level]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2019;4(2):107-16. [Crossref] 

.: Up To Date

Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com