.: ORİJİNAL ARAŞTIRMA
Evaluation of Some Mechanical Properties of CAD/CAM Polymers (PEEK/PMMA) and Conventional PMMA Materials: An In Vitro Study
CAD/CAM Polimerlerinin (PEEK/PMMA) ve Geleneksel PMMA Materyallerinin Bazı Mekanik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi: İn Vitro Çalışma
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2022;28(1):139-48
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2021-83103
Makale Dili: EN
Tam Metin
ABSTRACT
Objective: The present study aims to investigate the mechanical properties of base materials [polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polyether ether ketone (PEEK)] fabricated with computeraided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and heatpolymerized conventional base materials. Material and Methods: Two different base polymers milled with CAD/CAM (Yamahachi PMMA Disk and Juvora Dental Disk PEEK) and heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Meliodent PMMA) were used in this study. A total of 120 specimens were prepared with 10 specimens in each subgroup of the test materials. Half of the test specimens were stored in distilled water, while the other half were subjected to a thermal cycle. After the thermal cycle, the flexural strength, elasticity module, and, surface hardness of all test specimens was evaluated. The Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used in the analysis of the data. Results: According to the findings of flexural strength and elasticity module of the test specimens, the highest to lowest value ranking was as follows: CAD/CAM PEEK>CAD/CAM PMMA>heat-polymerized PMMA. In the PMMA group produced with CAD/CAM, surface hardness values were significantly higher in the thermocycle applied test specimens compared to those stored in distilled water (p<0.001). Conclusion: CAD/CAM PMMA and PEEK materials were compared with the heat-polymerized test specimens found to show better mechanical properties.
Keywords: Denture bases; computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing; polyether ether ketone; flexural strength; hardness
Objective: The present study aims to investigate the mechanical properties of base materials [polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polyether ether ketone (PEEK)] fabricated with computeraided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and heatpolymerized conventional base materials. Material and Methods: Two different base polymers milled with CAD/CAM (Yamahachi PMMA Disk and Juvora Dental Disk PEEK) and heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Meliodent PMMA) were used in this study. A total of 120 specimens were prepared with 10 specimens in each subgroup of the test materials. Half of the test specimens were stored in distilled water, while the other half were subjected to a thermal cycle. After the thermal cycle, the flexural strength, elasticity module, and, surface hardness of all test specimens was evaluated. The Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used in the analysis of the data. Results: According to the findings of flexural strength and elasticity module of the test specimens, the highest to lowest value ranking was as follows: CAD/CAM PEEK>CAD/CAM PMMA>heat-polymerized PMMA. In the PMMA group produced with CAD/CAM, surface hardness values were significantly higher in the thermocycle applied test specimens compared to those stored in distilled water (p<0.001). Conclusion: CAD/CAM PMMA and PEEK materials were compared with the heat-polymerized test specimens found to show better mechanical properties.
Keywords: Denture bases; computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing; polyether ether ketone; flexural strength; hardness
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilgisayar destekli tasarım/bilgisayar destekli üretim [computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)] ile şekillendirilen kaide materyalleri [polimetil metakrilat (PMMA)/polieter eter keton (PEEK)] ve ısı ile polimerize olan geleneksel kaide materyalinin mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, CAD/CAM ile frezelenmiş 2 farklı kaide polimeri (Yamahachi PMMA Disk ve Juvora Dental Disk PEEK) ve ısı ile polimerize olan akrilik rezin (Meliodent PMMA) kullanıldı. Test materyallerinin her bir alt grubunda 10 örnek olmak üzere toplam 120 örnek hazırlandı. Test örneklerinin yarısı distile suda bekletildi. Diğer yarısına ise termal döngü uygulandı. Termal döngüden sonra tüm test örneklerinin bükülme dayanımı, elastikiyet modülü ve yüzey sertliği değerlendirildi. Verilerin analizinde, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis testleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Test örneklerinin bükülme dayanımı ve elastikiyet modülü bulgularına göre, en yüksek değerden en düşüğe doğru sıralaması CAD/CAM PEEK>CAD/CAM PMMA>ısı ile polimerize PMMA şeklindedir. CAD/CAM ile üretilen PMMA grubu içerisinde, distile suda bekletilen örneklere göre termal döngü uygulanan örneklerde, yüzey sertlik düzeyi istatistiksel anlamlı olarak daha yüksek değerler vermiştir (p<0,001). Sonuç: CAD/CAM ile üretilen PMMA ve PEEK materyalleri, ısı ile polimerize olan test örnekleri ile kıyaslandığında daha iyi mekanik özellikler göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Protez kaideleri; bilgisayar destekli tasarım/bilgisayar destekli imalat; polieter eter keton; bükülme dayanımı; sertlik
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilgisayar destekli tasarım/bilgisayar destekli üretim [computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)] ile şekillendirilen kaide materyalleri [polimetil metakrilat (PMMA)/polieter eter keton (PEEK)] ve ısı ile polimerize olan geleneksel kaide materyalinin mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, CAD/CAM ile frezelenmiş 2 farklı kaide polimeri (Yamahachi PMMA Disk ve Juvora Dental Disk PEEK) ve ısı ile polimerize olan akrilik rezin (Meliodent PMMA) kullanıldı. Test materyallerinin her bir alt grubunda 10 örnek olmak üzere toplam 120 örnek hazırlandı. Test örneklerinin yarısı distile suda bekletildi. Diğer yarısına ise termal döngü uygulandı. Termal döngüden sonra tüm test örneklerinin bükülme dayanımı, elastikiyet modülü ve yüzey sertliği değerlendirildi. Verilerin analizinde, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis testleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Test örneklerinin bükülme dayanımı ve elastikiyet modülü bulgularına göre, en yüksek değerden en düşüğe doğru sıralaması CAD/CAM PEEK>CAD/CAM PMMA>ısı ile polimerize PMMA şeklindedir. CAD/CAM ile üretilen PMMA grubu içerisinde, distile suda bekletilen örneklere göre termal döngü uygulanan örneklerde, yüzey sertlik düzeyi istatistiksel anlamlı olarak daha yüksek değerler vermiştir (p<0,001). Sonuç: CAD/CAM ile üretilen PMMA ve PEEK materyalleri, ısı ile polimerize olan test örnekleri ile kıyaslandığında daha iyi mekanik özellikler göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Protez kaideleri; bilgisayar destekli tasarım/bilgisayar destekli imalat; polieter eter keton; bükülme dayanımı; sertlik
REFERANSLAR:
- Gad MM, Rahoma A, Al-Thobity AM. Effect of polymerization technique and glass fiber addition on the surface roughness and hardness of PMMA denture base material. Dent Mater J. 2018;37(5):746-53. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ayman AD. The residual monomer content and mechanical properties of CAD\CAM resins used in the fabrication of complete dentures as compared to heat cured resins. Electron Physician. 2017;9(7):4766-72. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Al-Dwairi ZN, Tahboub KY, Baba NZ, Goodacre CJ, Özcan M. A comparison of the surface properties of CAD/CAM and conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). J Prosthodont. 2019;28(4):452-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Alp G, Johnston WM, Yilmaz B. Optical properties and surface roughness of prepolymerized poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121(2):347-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Shinawi LA. Effect of denture cleaning on abrasion resistance and surface topography of polymerized CAD CAM acrylic resin denture base. Electron Physician. 2017;9(5):4281-8. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Heimer S, Schmidlin PR, Roos M, Stawarczyk B. Surface properties of polyetheretherketone after different laboratory and chairside polishing protocols. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;117(3):419-25. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Stawarczyk B, Thrun H, Eichberger M, Roos M, Edelhoff D, Schweiger J, et al. Effect of different surface pretreatments and adhesives on the load-bearing capacity of veneered 3-unit PEEK FDPs. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;114(5):666-73. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Cekic-Nagas I, Egilmez F, Ergun G, Vallittu PK, Lassila LVJ. Load-bearing capacity of novel resin-based fixed dental prosthesis materials. Dent Mater J. 2018;37(1):49-58. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Hahnel S, Scherl C, Rosentritt M. Interim rehabilitation of occlusal vertical dimension using a double-crown-retained removable dental prosthesis with polyetheretherketone framework. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;119(3):315-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Bidra AS, Taylor TD, Agar JR. Computer-aided technology for fabricating complete dentures: systematic review of historical background, current status, and future perspectives. J Prosthet Dent. 2013;109(6):361-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Infante L, Yilmaz B, McGlumphy E, Finger I. Fabricating complete dentures with CAD/CAM technology. J Prosthet Dent. 2014;111(5):351-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Arnold C, Hey J, Schweyen R, Setz JM. Accuracy of CAD-CAM-fabricated removable partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;119(4):586-92. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Goodacre CJ, Garbacea A, Naylor WP, Daher T, Marchack CB, Lowry J. CAD/CAM fabricated complete dentures: concepts and clinical methods of obtaining required morphological data. J Prosthet Dent. 2012;107(1):34-46. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Baba NZ, AlRumaih HS, Goodacre BJ, Goodacre CJ. Current techniques in CAD/CAM denture fabrication. Gen Dent. 2016;64(6):23-8. [PubMed]
- International Standards Organization. ISO 20795-1, Dentistry-Base polymers-Denture base polymers. 2008. Accessed January 25, 2022) [Link]
- Al-Dwairi ZN, Tahboub KY, Baba NZ, Goodacre CJ. A comparison of the flexural and impact strengths and flexural modulus of CAD/CAM and conventional heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). J Prosthodont. 2020;29(4):341-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gharechahi J, Asadzadeh N, Shahabian F, Gharechahi M. Flexural strength of acrylic resin denture bases processed by two different methods. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2014;8(3):148-52. [PubMed] [PMC]
- Yang A, Zhao D, Wu Y, Xu C. Effect of polyimide addition on mechanical properties of PMMA-based denture material. Dent Mater J. 2017;36(5):560-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Srinivasan M, Gjengedal H, Cattani-Lorente M, Moussa M, Durual S, Schimmel M, et al. CAD/CAM milled complete removable dental prostheses: An in vitro evaluation of biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and surface roughness. Dent Mater J. 2018;37(4):526-33. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Steinmassl O, Offermanns V, Stöckl W, Dumfahrt H, Grunert I, Steinmassl PA. In vitro analysis of the fracture resistance of CAD/CAM denture base resins. Materials (Basel). 2018;11(3):401. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Powers JM, Sakaguchi RL. Fundamentals of materials science. Craig's Restorative Dental Materials. Vol. 4. 13th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012. p.33-82. [Link]
- Ucar Y, Akova T, Aysan I. Mechanical properties of polyamide versus different PMMA denture base materials. J Prosthodont. 2012;21(3):173-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Pacquet W, Benoit A, Hatège-Kimana C, Wulfman C. Mechanical properties of CAD/CAM denture base resins. Int J Prosthodont. 2019;32(1):104-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Goiato MC, Nóbrega AS, dos Santos DM, Andreotti AM, Moreno A. Effect of different solutions on color stability of acrylic resin-based dentures. Braz Oral Res. 2014;28:S1806-83242013005000033. [Crossref] [PubMed]
.: İşlem Listesi