Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Preterm doğumun önlenmesi: yenilenmiş ulusal öncelikler
Preterm doğumun önlenmesi: yenilenmiş ulusal öncelikler
Karla Damus
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Derlemenin amacı
: Son zamanlarda oluşmuş epidemiyolojik değişiklikleri, kanıta dayalı girişimsel farklılıkları, değişen paradigmaları ve Amerika'da başlatılan preterm doğumu önleme odaklı ulusal öncelik yaklaşımlarını özetlemek.

Son bulgular

:Preterm doğumda son zamanlarda söz edilecek en önemli epidemiyolojik gelişmeler; Amerika'da tekiz gebeliklerde maksimum gebelik süresinin 40 haftadan 39 haftaya düşmüş olması ve preterm doğumlarda en fazla payı bulunan geç preterm doğumlarda ciddi artış görülmesidir. Hispanik olmayan beyaz popülasyonda en çok oranda görülen artmış çoğul gebelik sayıları, ileri maternal yaşa sahip kadınlarda artan doğumlar ve sezaryen oranlarında ciddi artış diğer önemli değişikliklerdir. Anahtar paradigmal değişim ise spontan preterm doğumun yaygın bir kompleks bozukluk olduğunun kabulü ile biyolojik predispozisyon oluşturan nedenlerin ve çevresel faktörlerin etkileşiminin öneminin anlaşılmış olmasıdır. Böylece prekonsepsiyonel dönemi de içine alan yaşam boyu uygulanacak stratejiler ile sağlıklı fetal ve perinatal hayat sağlanabilecektir. The March of Dimes Ulusal Prematürite Kampanyası, geç preterm doğumlar ile ilgili oluşan Ulusal Çocuk Sağlığı ve İnsan Gelişim Birliği'nin öncülüğü, preterm doğumun önlenmesine yönelik oluşturulan 2006 Tıp raporu, Prematüre Araştırmalarını Genişletme çalışmaları ve erken doğum yapan annelerin eğitimini de kapsayan 2008 Tıp Konferansı preterm doğumun önlenmesi için ulusal kararlılığın altını çizmektedirler.Özet:Perinatal bakımda oluşan kompleks, yeni değişmelere ve gelişmelere rağmen, azalan kaynaklar ve artan yüksek riskli gebelikler nedeniyle yeni stratejilerin, genişletilmiş farklı disiplinler arası birlikteliğin, daha fazla kanıta dayalı müdahelelerin kullanımı ile, preterm doğumu daha iyi öngörebilecek araçlarla, topluma yayılmış programlarla, sağlıklı prekonsepsiyonel dönemin sağlanmasıyla, elde edilen bilgilerin güncel pratiğe uygulanmasıyla, yoğun tempoda çalışan klinisyenlerin sürekli eğitimiyle ve halkın eğitimine yönelik uygun araçlarla artan preterm doğum oranlarında geriye dönüş sağlanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: geç preterm doğum, perinatal epidemiyoloji, preterm doğumun önlenmesi
ABSTRACT
Purpose of review
To summarize some recent major epidemiological changes, evidence-based interventions, shifting paradigms, and national initiatives targeting the prevention of preterm birth in the United States.
Recent findings
Noteworthy epidemiological changes in preterm births include a shift from 40 to 39 weeks as the most common length of gestation for singleton births in the United States; significant jumps in late preterm births, which is the major contributor to increasing preterm rates: more multiple births with rates highest for non-Hispanic whites; dramatic increases in births to women of advanced maternal age; and substantial increases in cesarean births. Key paradigm shifts have also occurred such as considering most spontaneous preterm birth as a common complex disorder highlighting the importance of interactions of biological predispositions and environment; support for the fetal origins hypothesis requiring a life course perspective, including preconception health promotion to improve perinatal health and enhance equity; and a renewed focus on preventing recurrence. The March of Dimes National Prematurity Campaign, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development leadership on late preterm birth, the 2006 Institute of Medicine's report on preterm birth, and passage of the Prematurity Research Expansion and Education for Mothers who Deliver Infants Early Bill with the resultant 2008 Surgeon General's Conference underscore the national resolve to prevent preterm births. Summary Despite the complex changing environment of perinatal care, shrinking resources and higher risk pregnancies, innovative strategies, expanded, interdisciplinary partnerships, a focus on perinatal quality initiatives, more evidence-based interventions, tools to better predict preterm labor/birth, dissemination of effective community-based programs, a commitment to enhance equity, promoting preconception health, translation of research findings from the bench to bedside to curbside, effective continuing education for busy clinicians and culturally sensitive, health literacy appropriate patient education materials can collectively help to reverse the increasing rates of preterm births.

Keywords: late preterm birth, perinatal epidemiology, preterm birth prevention

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