Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: REVIEW
Deselerasyon: Atletik Performans İçin Fiziki Yönü: Geleneksel Derleme
Deceleration: Physical Aspect for Athletic Performance: Traditional Review
Mert İSKİPCİa , Kaan Gürbey AKTÜREa, Doğukan YILMAZb, Doruk ARKIŞc, Eren TOPd
aİstanbul Galata Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
bİstanbul Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Fakültesi, Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
cDeakin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Egzersiz Fizyolojisi Bölümü, Melbourne, Avustralya
dSüleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Isparta, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2022;14(3):328-36
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2022-89646
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Yüksek şiddetli akselerasyon ve deselerasyonlar, takım sporlarında ve bireysel sporlarda eylemlerin verimli bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmesi için temel bileşenler arasında yer almaktadır. Deselerasyonlar, genellikle ani ve kademeli bir durma gerektiren veya yön değişikliğinden önce vücudun hızını azaltmak için birçok spor dalında kullanılmaktadır. Doğaları gereği yüksek şiddette gerçekleştirilen akselerasyon ve deselerasyon eylemleri, bireysel ve takım sporlarının belki de en fazla tekrarlanan eylemleri arasında yer almaktadır. Özellikle ani deselerasyon ve akselerasyonu içerisinde barındıran, yön değişimi temelli spor branşları içerisinde bu eylemlerin verimlilik seviyesi sportif başarıyı büyük oranda belirleyebilmektedir. Bir sporcunun deselerasyon gerçekleştirebilmesi için kütle merkezinin yerle temas noktasının arkasında olması, eklem sertliğinde azalmanın gerçekleşmesi, uçuş süresinin en aza indirilmesi ve iniş mesafesinin en üst düzeye çıkarılması gerekmektedir. Akselerasyonlarla karşılaştırıldığında, yüksek şiddetli yavaşlamalar daha büyük bir hız değişimi oranı sergilemektedir ve takım sporlarında çok daha sık görülmektedir. Yavaşlamanın sportif performans içerisindeki önemi, sporcuların yön değiştirme ve çarpışmalardan kaçınabilme yeteneklerinin optimum düzeyde gerçekleşmesi için önemli görünmektedir. Ayrıca, deselerasyon, performans ve toparlanma için önemli bir husus olan kas yorgunluğuna ve hasarına önemli bir katkıda bulunabilir. Bu önemi nedeniyle akselerasyon ve deselerasyon, monitörize edilmesi gereken gereken önemli değişkenler olarak kabul edilir. Bu nedenle antrenman ve müsabakalar sırasında deselerasyonun mekanik yükünün belirlenmesinin önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak yatay deselerasyonun dikkatli bir biçimde değerlendirilmesi, antrene edilmesi, buna göre monitörize edilmesinin takım ve bireysel spor dallarında önemli bir bileşen olarak görülmelidir. Tüm bu aktarılanlar doğrultusunda derlemenin amacı, deselerasyonun atletik performans üzerindeki etkisini ve fiziksel yönlerini anlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Deselerasyon; atletik performans; antrenman yükü
ABSTRACT
 High-intensity accelerations and decelerations are fundamental components of powerful movement actions in team sports and are integral to successful performance outcomes. Deceleration is often employed in sports that require an immediate or gradual stop or to decrease the body's velocity before a change in direction. Acceleration and deceleration actions, which are performed at high intensity by their nature, are perhaps among the most repeated actions of individual and team sports. Especially in sports branches based on change of direction, which include rapid deceleration and acceleration, the efficiency level of these actions can largely determine the sportive success. For a player to decelerate, the individual's center of mass needs to be posterior to their point of contact with the ground, the stiffness of joints is decreased, the flight time is minimized and the landing distance is maximized. When compared to accelerations, high-intensity decelerations exhibit a greater rate of velocity change and subsequently occur more frequently in many team sports. Deceleration is important because it affords players the ability to change direction and avoid collisions. Furthermore, deceleration may be a significant contributor to muscle fatigue and damage, which is an important consideration for performance and recovery. Due to this importance, acceleration and deceleration are considered important variables that should be monitored. For this reason, it is necessary to determine the mechanical load of deceleration in training and competitions. Consequently, horizontal deceleration may need to be seen as an important component in team sports high-performance environments that need to be carefully assessed, trained, and monitored accordingly. The aim of this review is to understand the effect and physical aspects of deceleration on athletic performance.

Keywords: Deceleration; athletic performance; training load
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