Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: REVIEW
Sağır Olimpiyatları: 1871'den Günümüze Türkiye'de ve Dünyadaki Tarihsel Perspektif: Geleneksel Derleme
Deaflympic: A Historical Perspective Since 1871 in Relation to Turkey and the World: Traditional Review
Pelin AKSEN CENGİZHANa
aKırıkkale Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri ABD, Kırıkkale, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2021;29(2):264-77
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2020-79369
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Sağır sporları, sağır kişilerin öz kararlılık haklarını sağır sporları faaliyetlerine ilişkin organizasyon, rekabet ve sosyalleşme aracılığıyla kullandıkları sosyal kurumdur. Sağır bireylerin dünyanın her yerinde entelektüel açıdan daha alt seviyede, dilsel açıdan da yetersiz olduğu düşünülürken spor organizasyonları, sağırların bilinenden çok daha fazlasına sahip olduğunu göstermek için en iyi yanıt olmuştur. Devletlerin ve bireylerin sağır olimpiyatlar akımına katılması, ön yargıların hızının kesilmesini sağlamıştır. Tarihsel süreçte dünyada ve Türkiye'de, sağır sporunu iyileştirmeye yönelik yapılan girişimler sonucu ortaya çıkan gelişimin, sağır sporuna olan farkındalığı artıracağı düşünülmektedir. Bu sebeple araştırmada, Türkiye'de ve dünyada 1871 yılından günümüze kadar olan süreçte sağır sporu ve sağır olimpiyatlarındaki gelişmeler incelenmiş; önemli tarihsel olayların, bireylerin, grupların, kurumların, sosyal olayların ve politikaların bu bireylerin tanımlanmasını nasıl etkilediğini, sağır sporcuların olimpiyatlara katılım tablosu, ülke, kadın ve erkek sporcu sayısı, spor branşları, madalya sayısı ve derecelerinden yola çıkılarak, sağır sporlarının kronolojik gelişiminin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Sağır Olimpiyatları ve sağır sporuyla ilgili bilimsel yayınlar ve istatistiksel veriler taranmış ve derlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, devletlerin ve bireylerin Sağır Olimpiyatları akımına katılmasının, sağır bireylere karşı ön yargıların azalmasına neden olduğu ve sağır sporunun gelişmesi için oldukça önemli olduğu kanısına varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: İşitme engelli; sağır; sağır sporu; sağır olimpiyatları; tıp tarih
ABSTRACT
 Deaf sports are the social institution deaf people use their self-decisiveness through organization, competition and socialization related to deaf sports activities. Although societies all over the world see deaf individuals at a lower level intellectually and insufficient linguistically, it is considered that the deaf sports organizations and competitions is the best answer to show that deaf people have more than assumed. The participation of sports and individuals in Deaflympics has made it possible for these biases to be removed. As a result of the developments caused by the interventions to improve deaf sports in the world and in Turkey in the historical process, it is considered that awareness on deaf sports will increase. Therefore, the developments which took place in deaf sports and Deaflympics in Turkey and the world from 1871 to the present time were analyzed in the study and it was aimed at presenting how important historical events, individuals, groups, institutions, social events and policies affected the definition of deaf individuals and the chronological development of deaf sports by taking the participation state of deaf athletes and countries in Olympics, the number of female and male athletes, sports branches, the number of medals and degrees as the starting point. Scientific publications and statistical data on Deaflympics and deaf sports were reviewed and the data were compiled in the study. As a result, it was concluded that the participation of nations and individuals in the Deaflympics movement is quite important in terms of reducing prejudices towards deaf individuals and the development of deaf sports.

Keywords: Hearing impaired; deaf; deaf sports; deaflympics; medical history
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