Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Tip 2 Diyabetli Yaşlılarda Kırılganlık ve Öz-Etkililik Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Level of Frailty and Self-Efficacy in Elderly Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: Descriptive Research
Sinem KURTOĞLUa, Bahar İNKAYAb
aBolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Bolu, Türkiye
bAnkara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2022;14(3):825-34
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2021-86451
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışma, Tip 2 diyabetli yaşlılarda kırılganlık ve özetkililik düzeyinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmanın evrenini Dörtdivan Aile Sağlığı Merkezine başvuran Tip 2 diyabetli yaşlılar oluşturdu, örneklemini ise dahil edilme kriterlerine uyan, gönüllü katılım sağlayan 138 diyabetli yaşlı oluşturdu. Veriler yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile topladı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, bağımsız örneklem testti ve ANOVA testleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 70,36±5,42 ve %48,6'sı 9 yıl ve üzeri süredir diyabet hastasıdır. Katılımcıların %23,9'unun görünüşte incinebilir, %16,7'si hafif kırılgan, %8,7'sinin de şiddetli kırılgan olduğu saptandı. Edmonton Kırılganlık Ölçeği puan ortalaması 5,80±3,31 olarak bulundu. Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği puan ortalaması 60,01±17,22 olarak saptandı ve diyabetli yaşlıların %52,2'sinin Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği puan ortalamasından yüksek puan aldığı görüldü. Diyabetli yaşlı bireylerde Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği alt boyutları ve Edmonton Kırılganlık Ölçeği arasında negatif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu (p<0,05). Yaş ve hemoglobin A1C düzeyi arttıkça kırılganlığın arttığı, öz-etkililiğin azaldığı görüldü. Sonuç: Yaşam kalitesini önemli düzeyde olumsuz etkileyen kırılganlığın önlenmesi ve azaltılması öz-etkililiğin artırılması ile mümkündür. Bu bağlamda, sağlık profesyonelleri arasında farkındalığın artırılması, özellikle riskli grupta olan diyabetli yaşlıların kırılganlık ve öz-etkililik yönünden değerlendirilmesi, her yaşlının diyabet yönetimini kendi kendine gerçekleştirebilmesi adına öz-etkililiğini artıracak uygulamalarla kırılganlık ve öz-etkililiğin bakım sürecine dâhil edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diabetes mellitus; hemşirelik; kırılganlık; öz yeterlik; yaşlı
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study was conducted to determine frailty and self-efficacy levels in the elderly with Type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: The population of the study consisted of elderly people with Type 2 diabetes who applied to Dörtdivan Family Health Center, and the sample consisted of 138 elderly diabetics who met the inclusion criteria and participated voluntarily. Data were collected by face-to-face interview method. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, independent sample t-test and ANOVA tests were used in the analysis of the data. Results: The mean age of the participants was 70.36±5.42 years and 48.6% of them had diabetes for 9 years or more. It was determined that 23,9% of the participants were apparently vulnerable, 16,7% were mild frail, and 8.7% were severely frail. Edmonton Frailty Scale mean score was found to be 5.80±3.31. The mean score of the Self-Efficacy Scale was determined as 60.01±17.22, and it was seen that 52.2% of the elderly with diabetes got a higher score than the mean score of the Self-Efficacy Scale. A statistically significant correlation was found between the sub-dimensions of the Self-Efficacy Scale and the Frailty Scale in elderly individuals with diabetes (p<0.05). It was observed that frailty increased and self-efficacy decreased as age and hemoglobin A1C level increased. Conclusion: Prevention and reduction of frailty, which negatively affects quality of life, is possible by increasing self-efficacy. In this context, it is recommended to raise awareness among health professionals, to evaluate especially the elderly with diabetes, who are in the risk group, in terms of frailty and self-efficacy, and to include frailty and selfefficacy in the care process with practices that will increase the self-efficacy of each elderly person in order to manage diabetes by himself.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; nursing; frailty; self efficacy; aged
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