Amaç: İnsan papilloma virüsü [Human Papilloma Virüs (HPV)], serviks kanserinin en yaygın nedenidir ve kansere ilerleme riski en yüksek olan yüksek riskli genotiplerin enfeksiyonudur. HPV'ye yönelik farkındalığın artırılması, erken tarama ve aşı programlarına ilişkin tutum ve davranışları olumlu yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Bu araştırma 18-65 yaş kadınların HPV ve HPV aşısına ilişkin sağlık inançlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma 170 kadın ile yapılmıştır. Veriler, ''Katılımcı Bilgi Formu'' ve ''Human Papilloma Virüs Enfeksiyonu ve Aşılamasına İlişkin Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği'' ile toplanmıştır. Veri analizinde tek yönlü varyans analizi ve bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Bu araştırmadaki kadınların yaş ortalaması 38,04±11,63 yıldır. Kadınların %30'unun serviks kanseri açısından kendilerini riskli grupta hissetmemeleri nedeniyle HPV/Pap Smear yaptırmadıkları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada kadınların HPV aşısını yararlı bulduğu, HPV konusunda duyarlı oldukları, HPV enfeksiyonunun ciddi bir sorun olduğunu düşündükleri ve aşılamaya karşı engellerinin orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada bekâr kadınların HPV aşısına karşı engellerinin fazla olduğu, lise ve üzeri eğitim alanların HPV aşısını yararlı bulduğu ve HPV enfeksiyonunun ciddi bir sorun olduğunu daha fazla düşündüğü; 35 yaş ve altı grupta yer alan, gebe kalan, 2 veya daha az gebelik geçiren, HPV/Pap Smear testini duyan kadınların HPV aşısını yararlı bulduğu ve HPV konusunda duyarlı oldukları saptanmıştır. Sonuç: HPV ve HPV aşısı hakkında bilgi vermek, virüs ve aşıya ilişkin bilgi ve farkındalık açısından önemlidir ve daha olumlu inançların oluşmasına katkıda bulunabilir. Bu doğrultuda, kadınların HPV ve aşısına ilişkin sağlık inançlarının sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından değerlendirilmesi, sağlık eğitimi ve danışmanlığının verilmesi önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: İnsan papilloma virüsü; insan papilloma virüsü aşıları; kadın
Objective: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most common cause of cervical cancer and is an infection of high-risk genotypes with the highest risk of progression to cancer. Increasing awareness about HPV can positively affect attitudes and behaviors regarding early screening and vaccination programs. This study was conducted to determine the health beliefs of women aged 18-65 regarding HPV and the HPV vaccine. Material and Methods: This study was conducted with 170 women. Data were collected with the ''Participant Information Form'' and the ''Health Belief Model Scale on Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Vaccination''. One way analysis of variance and independent sample t-test were used in data analysis. Results: The mean age of women in this study is 38.04±11.63 years. It was determined that 30% of women did not have HPV/Pap Smear because they did not feel they were in the risk group for cervical cancer. The study determined that women found the HPV vaccine useful, were sensitive about HPV, thought that HPV infection was a serious problem, and their barriers to vaccination were moderate. In this study, single women have more obstacles to the HPV vaccine, those with high school education and above find the HPV vaccine useful and think that HPV infection is a serious problem, those who are 35 years of age and under, who are pregnant, who have had 2 or fewer pregnancies, who have HPV vaccination. It has been determined that women who have heard of the Pap smear test find the HPV vaccine useful and are sensitive about HPV. Conclusion: Providing information about HPV and the HPV vaccine is important for knowledge and awareness of the virus and vaccine and can contribute to the formation of more positive beliefs. In this regard, it is recommended that women's health beliefs regarding HPV and its vaccine be evaluated by health professionals and health education and counseling be provided.
Keywords: Human papilloma virus; human papilloma virus vaccines; women
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