Objective: This study was conducted to explore the relationship between perceived social support and death anxiety in patients with liver transplantation. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional and correlational study conducted with 140 liver transplant patients admitted to a liver transplant center of a university. Purposive sampling was employed for participant selection. The Personal Information Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) were used in data collection. The data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Results: The mean DAS total score of the participants was 6.77±3.04, 26.4% had low, 53.6% had moderate and 20% had severe death anxiety. The mean MSPSS total score was 65.45±22.62, which indicates high perceived social support. An analysis of the relationship between the mean DAS and MSPSS scores of the participants showed no significant relationship between the total scale scores (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the mean DAS total score and gender, educational status and time since transplantation (p<0.05). Death anxiety was found to be higher in the participants who were female, had lower educational attainment, and were within the first ten days of transplantation. Conclusion: Severe levels of death anxiety were observed in the participants of our study. We believe that psychosocial care is important for patients to overcome death anxiety. For this reason, it is recommended that the effectiveness of psychosocial support programs, including spiritual support programs, be researched and implemented throughout the patient care process.
Keywords: Death; death anxiety; liver transplantation; perceived social support
Amaç: Bu çalışma karaciğer transplantasyonu olan hastalarda algılanan sosyal destek ile ölüm kaygısı arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma bir üniversitenin karaciğer nakli merkezine yatırılan 140 karaciğer nakli hastasıyla gerçekleştirilmiş kesitsel ve korelasyonel bir çalışmadır. Katılımcıların seçimi için amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği [Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)] ve Ölüm Kaygısı Ölçeği (ÖKÖ) kullanılmıştır. Veri analizi IBM SPSS İstatistik 25 kullanılarak yapıldı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların ÖKÖ toplam puanı ortalaması 6,77±3,04 olup, %26,4'ü düşük, %53,6'sı orta ve %20'si şiddetli ölüm kaygısına sahiptir. Ortalama MSPSS toplam puanı 65,45±22,62 olup algılanan sosyal desteğin yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Katılımcıların ÖKÖ ortalamaları ile MSPSS puanları arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde, toplam ölçek puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı görüldü (p>0,05). Ortalama ÖKÖ toplam puanı ile cinsiyet, eğitim durumu ve nakilden bu yana geçen süre arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0,05). Kadın, eğitim düzeyi düşük ve nakil sonrası ilk 10 gün içinde olan katılımcılarda ölüm kaygısının daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç: Çalışmamıza katılanlarda ciddi düzeyde ölüm anksiyetesi gözlemlendi. Hastaların ölüm anksiyetesini yenebilmeleri için psikososyal bakımın önemli olduğuna inanıyoruz. Bu nedenle hasta bakım sürecine manevi destek programlarını da kapsayan psikososyal destek programlarının etkinliklerinin araştırılıp uygulanması önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Ölüm; ölüm anksiyetesi; karaciğer nakli; algılanan sosyal destek
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