Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Adölesan Kız Hentbolcularda, Düşük Doz Kahve Tüketiminin Anaerobik Performansa Akut Etkileri
The Acute Effects of Low-Dose Coffee Consumption on Anaerobic Performance in Adolescent Female Handball Players
Celil KAÇOĞLUa
aAntrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Eskişehir,
TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2019;11(3):97-107
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2019-70197
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Kafein, amatör ve profesyonel sporcular arasında en yaygın kullanılan ergojenik desteklerden biridir. İçerdiği kafein oranı bakımından en önemli kafein kaynaklarından biri kahvedir. Kafeinin atletik performansa etkileri kapsamlı olarak araştırılmasına rağmen adölesanlarda anaerobik performansa etkileriyle ilgili yeterli çalışma olmamakla birlikte çoğunlukla erkeklerde yapılmış olan mevcut araştırmaların sonuçları da kesin değildir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, düşük doz kahve tüketiminin adölesan kız hentbolcularda anaerobik performansa akut etkilerini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırmaya kahve tüketim alışkanlığı olmayan 18 hentbol sporcusu kız (ortalama±standart sapma; yaş: 13,4±0,8 yıl; boy: 161±7 cm; kilo: 55±11,1 kg; vücut yağ yüzdesi: %24,9±4,45) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Testlerden yaklaşık on gün önce tüm katılımcılara test ve ölçümlerin birebir deneme ve tanıtımları yapılmıştır. Katılımcılar, kahve tüketimi sonrası (Kahve) ve kahve tüketmeden (Kontrol) olmak üzere bir hafta ara ile iki kez teste katılmışlardır. Katılımcılar düşük doz kafein içeren kahve (0,05 g/kg) tükettikten 60 dk sonra testlere geçilmiştir. Bulgular: Tüm katılımcılar 30-s Wingate anaerobik bisiklet testine katılmışlardır. Kahve tüketimi sonrası ve kontrol şartlarında yapılan test sonucu elde edilen maksimum güç (p=0,913), ortalama güç (p=0,201) ve yorgunluk indeksi (p=0,833) değerlerinde anlamlı fark olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç: Kahve ve kontrol ölçüm sonuçlarında maksimum güç, ortalama güç ve yorgunluk indeksi değerlerinin benzer olduğu söylenebilir. Analiz sonuçları, adölesan hentbolcu kızlarda düşük doz kafein içeren (~1,5-1,7 mg/kg) akut kahve tüketiminin maksimum güç, ortalama güç ve yorgunluk indeksine ergojenik etki ortaya çıkarmada yeterli olmadığını göstermiştir. Kahve tüketiminin adölesan ve çocuklarda atletik performansa etkileri ve bu etkilerin altında yatan mekanizmalarla ilgili doz-yanıt ilişkisi çerçevesinde yapılacak plasebo kontrollü yeni araştırmalara ihtiyaç olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kafein; kahve; adölesan; anaerobik performans; ergojenik maddeler
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Caffeine, is one of the most widely used ergogenic aid among amateur and professional athletes. Coffee is one of the most important caffeine source. Although the effects of caffeine on athletic performance have been investigated extensively. But the results of the current studies about the effects of coffee consumption on anaerobic performance are equivocal. Besides there are not enough studies the effects on adolescents and female athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute coffee consumption with low-dose of caffeine on anaerobic performance in adolescent female handball players. Material and Methods: In this study, non-heavy coffee consumers 18 adolescent female handball player (mean±standard deviation; age: 13.4±0.8 years, height: 161±7 cm, weight: 55±11.1 kg, body fat percentage: 24.9±4.45%) voluntarily participated. All participants were presented with anaerobic test as a familiarization trial about ten days before the tests. Participants participated in the test twice a week after coffee consumption (Coffee) and without consuming coffee (Control). All participants participated in the 30-s Wingate anaerobic cycle test. Participants underwent tests after 60 minutes of consuming low-dose caffeine-containing coffee (0.05 g/kg). Results: The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between coffee and control conditions in the maximum power (p=0.913), mean power (p=0.201) and fatigue index (p=0.833). Conclusion: According to the results coffee have no effect on maximum power, mean power and fatigue index values. The results of the analysis showed that the consumption of coffee with low-dose caffeine (~1.5-1.7 mg/kg) in adolescent handball female players was not sufficient to produce an ergogenic effect on maximal power, mean power and fatigue index. Further studies can be designed to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of acute coffee consumption on athletic performance in adolescents and children with placebo controlled trials.

Keywords: Caffeine; coffee; adolescent; anaerobic performance; ergogenic substances
REFERENCES:
  1. Maughan RJ, Burke LM, Dvorak J, Larson-Meyer DE, Peeling P, Phillips SM, et al. IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018;28(2):104-25. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Hoffman JR, Kang J, Ratamess NA, Jennings PF, Mangine GT, Faigenbaum AD. Effect of nutritionally enriched coffee consumption on aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance. Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(2):456-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. Peeling P, Binnie MJ, Goods PSR, Sim M, Burke LM. Evidence-based supplements for the enhancement of athletic performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018;28(2):178-87. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Kerrigan S, Lindsey T. Fatal caffeine overdose: two case reports. Forensic Sci Int. 2005;153(1):67-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Keisler BD, Armsey TD 2nd. Caffeine as an ergogenic aid. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2006;5(4):215-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Glaister M, Muniz-Pumares D, Patterson SD, Foley P, McInnes G. Caffeine supplementation and peak anaerobic power output. Eur J Sport Sci. 2015;15(5):400-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Frary CD, Johnson RK, Wang MQ. Food sources and intakes of caffeine in the diets of persons in the United States. JJ Am Diet Assoc. 2005;105(1):110-3. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Andrews KW, Schweitzer A, Zhao C, Holden JM, Roseland JM, Brandt M, et al. The caffeine contents of dietary supplements commonly purchased in the US: analysis of 53 products with caffeine-containing ingredients. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2007;389(1):231-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Ucar K, Goktas Z. [Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and caffeine]. Bes Diy Derg. 2018;46(2):183-91.
  10. Astorino TA, Roberson DW. Efficacy of acute caffeine ingestion for short-term high-intensity exercise performance: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(1):257-65. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. McLellan TM, Caldwell JA, Lieberman HR. A review of caffeine's effects on cognitive, physical and occupational performance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016;71:294-312. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Huntley ED, Juliano LM. Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ): construction, psychometric properties, and associations with caffeine use, caffeine dependence, and other related variables. Psychol Assess. 2012;24(3):592-607. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Mitchell DC, Knight CA, Hockenberry J, Teplansky R, Hartman TJ. Beverage caffeine intakes in the US. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014;63:136-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Grgic J, Mikulic P, Schoenfeld BJ, Bishop DJ, Pedisic Z. The influence of caffeine supplementation on resistance exercise: a review. Sports Med. 2019;49(1):17-30. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Guimaraes-Ferreira L TE, Jaffe DA, Cholewa JM. Role of caffeine in sports nutrition. In: Bagchi D, ed. Sustained Energy for Enhanced Human Functions and Activity. 1st ed. London; San Diego, CA; Kidlington, Oxford: Elsevier, Academic Press; 2017. p.299-319. [Crossref] 
  16. Temple JL. Review: trends, safety, and recommendations for caffeine use in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018;58(1):36-45. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Kristjansson AL, Sigfusdottir ID, Mann MJ, James JE. Caffeinated sugar-sweetened beverages and common physical complaints in Icelandic children aged 10-12 years. Prev Med. 2014;58:40-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Owens JA, Mindell J, Baylor A. Effect of energy drink and caffeinated beverage consumption on sleep, mood, and performance in children and adolescents. Nutr Rev. 2014;72(Suppl 1):65-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Spriet LL, Gibala MJ. Nutritional strategies to influence adaptations to training. J Sports Sci. 2004;22(1):127-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Saltan FZ, Kaya H. [Coffee: pharmacognosic review]. FABAD J Pharm Sci. 2018;43(3):279-89.
  21. Salinero JJ, Lara B, Del Coso J. Effects of acute ingestion of caffeine on team sports performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Sports Med. 2019;27(2):238-56. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Elkins RN, Rapoport JL, Zahn TP, Buchsbaum MS, Weingartner H, Kopin IJ, et al. Acute effects of caffeine in normal prepubertal boys. Am J Psychiatry. 1981;138(2):178-83. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Maughan RJ, King DS, Lea T. Dietary supplements. J Sports Sci. 2004;22(1):95-113. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Clarke ND, Richardson DL, Thie J, Taylor R. Coffee ingestion enhances 1-mile running race performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018;13(6):789-94. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Andre T, Green M, Gann J, O'Neal E, Coates T. Effects of caffeine on repeated upper/lower body Wingates and handgrip performance. International Journal of Exercise Science (IJES). 2015;8(3):243-55.
  26. Duncan MJ, Stanley M, Parkhouse N, Cook K, Smith M. Acute caffeine ingestion enhances strength performance and reduces perceived exertion and muscle pain perception during resistance exercise. Eur J Sport Sci. 2013;13(4):392-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Bloms LP, Fitzgerald JS, Short MW, Whitehead JR. The effects of caffeine on vertical jump height and execution in collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(7):1855-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Pereira LA, Curti JO, Camata TV, Goncalves EM, Leite ST, Costa TG, et al. Caffeine does not change the anaerobic performance and rate of muscle fatigue in young men and women. Medicina Sportiva. 2010;14(2):67-72. [Crossref] 
  29. Mahdavi R, Daneghian S, Jafari A, Homayouni A. Effect of acute caffeine supplementation on anaerobic power and blood lactate levels in female athletes. J Caffeine Res. 2015;5(2):83-7. [Crossref] 
  30. Woolf K, Bidwell WK, Carlson AG. The effect of caffeine as an ergogenic aid in anaerobic exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008;18(4):412-29. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Brooks JH, Wyld K, Chrismas BC. Caffeine supplementation as an ergogenic aid for muscular strength and endurance: a recommendation for coaches and athletes. J Athl Enhanc. 2016;5(4):1-7. [Crossref] 
  32. Glenn JM, Gray M, Gualano B, Roschel H. The ergogenic effects of supplemental nutritional aids on anaerobic performance in female athletes. Strength & Conditioning Journal. 2016;38(2):105-20. [Crossref] 
  33. Temple JL, Dewey AM, Briatico LN. Effects of acute caffeine administration on adolescents. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010;18(6):510-20. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Turley KR, Rivas JD, Townsend JR, Morton AB, Kosarek JW, Cullum MG. Effects of caffeine on anaerobic exercise in boys. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2012;24(2):210-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Jordan JB, Korgaokar A, Farley RS, Coons JM, Caputo JL. Caffeine supplementation and reactive agility in elite youth soccer players. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2014;26(2):168-76. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  36. Turley KR, Bland JR, Evans WJ. Effects of different doses of caffeine on exercise responses in young children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(5):871-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  37. Turley KR, DeSisso T, Gerst JW. Effects of caffeine on physiological responses to exercise: boys versus men. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2007;19(4):481-92. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  38. Wikoff D, Welsh BT, Henderson R, Brorby GP, Britt J, Myers E, et al. Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017;109(Pt 1):585-648. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  39. Tunnicliffe JM, Erdman KA, Reimer RA, Lun V, Shearer J. Consumption of dietary caffeine and coffee in physically active populations: physiological interactions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008;33(6):1301-10. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  40. Hodgson AB, Randell RK, Jeukendrup AE. The metabolic and performance effects of caffeine compared to coffee during endurance exercise. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e59561. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  41. Turley KR, Eusse PA, Thomas MM, Townsend JR, Morton AB. Effects of different doses of caffeine on anaerobic exercise in boys. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2015;27(1):50-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  42. Arteaga-Sacro AA, Villota-Bedoya DF. [Effect of acute caffeine consumption on the maximum force and blood lactate levels in sedentary young: randomized clinical trial]. Univ Salud. 2016;18(2):266-75. [Crossref] 
  43. Inbar O, Bar-Or O, Skinner JS. The Wingate Anaerobic Test. 1st ed. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics Books, 1996. p.8-11.
  44. Beneke R, Pollmann C, Bleif I, Leithauser R, Hutler M. How anaerobic is the Wingate Anaerobic Test for humans? Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;87(4-5):388-92.
  45. Maud PJ, Foster C. Physiological Assessment of Human Fitness. 2nd ed. USA, IL: Human Kinetics; 2006. p.319.
  46. Cakir-Atabek H. Effects of acute caffeine ingestion on anaerobic cycling performance in recreationally active men. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online (JEP). 2017;20(1):46-58.
  47. Wiles JD, Coleman D, Tegerdine M, Swaine IL. The effects of caffeine ingestion on performance time, speed and power during a laboratory-based 1 km cycling time-trial. J Sports Sci. 2006;24(11):1165-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  48. Grgic J. Caffeine ingestion enhances Wingate performance: a meta-analysis. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018;18(2):219-25. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  49. Duncan MJ, Dobell AP, Caygill CL, Eyre E, Tallis J. The effect of acute caffeine ingestion on upper body anaerobic exercise and cognitive performance. Eur J Sport Sci. 2019;19(1):103-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  50. Cardoso TE, De Aguiar RA, Turnes T, De Oliveira Cruz RS, Da Silveira BH, Lisboa FD, et al. [Effect of caffeine ingestion on 200 meter running performance]. Motriz, Rio Claro. 2013;19(2):298-305. [Crossref] 
  51. Duncan MJ, Thake CD, Downs PJ. Effect of caffeine ingestion on torque and muscle activity during resistance exercise in men. Muscle Nerve. 2014;50(4):523-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  52. Wellington BM, Leveritt MD, Kelly VG. The effect of caffeine on repeat-high-intensity-effort performance in rugby league players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(2):206-10. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  53. Puente C, Abian-Vicen J, Salinero J, Lara B, Areces F, Del Coso J. Caffeine improves basketball performance in experienced basketball players. Nutrients. 2017;9(9).pii: E1033. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  54. Negaresh R, Del Coso J, Mokhtarzade M, Lima-Silva AE, Baker JS, Willems ME, et al. Effects of different dosages of caffeine administration on wrestling performance during a simulated tournament. Eur J Sport Sci. 2019;19(4):499-507. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  55. Fernandez-Campos C, Dengo AL, Moncada-Jimenez J. Acute consumption of an energy drink does not improve physical performance of female volleyball players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015;25(3):271-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  56. Pereira L, Bortolotti H, Pasquarelli B, Pedroso J, Avelar A, Estanislau C, et al. [The caffeine improves performance in repeated sprints ability test in young soccer players?]. Rev Andal Med Deporte. 2011;4(3):109-13.
  57. Astorino TA, Terzi MN, Roberson DW, Burnett TR. Effect of two doses of caffeine on muscular function during isokinetic exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(12):2205-10. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  58. Karayigit R, Yasli BC, Karabuyuk H, Koz M, Ersoz G. [Effect of low dose caffeinated coffee on anaerobic power in physically active males]. Spormetre Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;15(4):157-64. [Crossref] 
  59. Goldstein E, Jacobs PL, Whitehurst M, Penhollow T, Antonio J. Caffeine enhances upper body strength in resistance-trained women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010;7:18. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  60. Perez-Lopez A, Salinero JJ, Abian-Vicen J, Valades D, Lara B, Hernandez C, et al. Caffeinated energy drinks improve volleyball performance in elite female players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(4):850-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  61. Del Coso J, Portillo J, Mu-oz G, Abian-Vicen J, Gonzalez-Millan C, Mu-oz-Guerra J. Caffeine-containing energy drink improves sprint performance during an international rugby sevens competition. Amino Acids. 2013;44(6):1511-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  62. Lara B, Gonzalez-Millan C, Salinero JJ, Abian-Vicen J, Areces F, Barbero-Alvarez JC, et al. Caffeine-containing energy drink improves physical performance in female soccer players. Amino Acids. 2014;46(5):1385-92. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  63. Buck C, Guelfi K, Dawson B, McNaughton L, Wallman K. Effects of sodium phosphate and caffeine loading on repeated-sprint ability. J Sports Sci. 2015;33(19):1971-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  64. da Silva CG, Cavazzotto TG, Queiroga MR. [Supplementation of caffeine and anaerobic power indicators]. Journal of Physical Education. 2014;25(1):109-16. [Crossref] 
  65. Anderson DE. Beneficial roles of caffeine in sports nutrition and beverage formulations. In: Bagchi D, ed. Sustained Energy for Enhanced Human Functions and Activity. 1st ed. London; San Diego, CA; Kidlington, Oxford:, Academic Press; 2017. p.321-35. [Crossref] 
  66. On S, Diker G, Ozkamci H. [Effect of menstrual cycle anaerobic power and active jumping performance at adolescent volleyball athletes]. ENWSA-Sports Sciences. 2014;9(2):32-42. [Crossref] 
  67. Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Roelofs EJ, Hirsch KR, Mock MG. Effects of coffee and caffeine anhydrous on strength and sprint performance. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016;16(6):702-10. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  68. Clarke N, Baxter H, Fajemilua E, Jones V, Oxford S, Richardson D, et al. Coffee and caffeine ingestion have little effect on repeated sprint cycling in relatively untrained males. Sports (Basel). 2016;4(3).pii: E45. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  69. Marques AC, Jesus AA, Giglio BM, Marini AC, Lobo PCB, Mota JF, et al. Acute caffeinated coffee consumption does not improve time trial performance in an 800-m run: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Nutrients. 2018;10(6).pii: E657. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  70. Church DD, Hoffman JR, LaMonica MB, Riffe JJ, Hoffman MW, Baker KM, et al. The effect of an acute ingestion of Turkish coffee on reaction time and time trial performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015;12:37. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  71. Nieman DC, Goodman CL, Capps CR, Shue ZL, Arnot R. Influence of 2-weeks ingestion of high chlorogenic acid coffee on mood state, performance, and postexercise inflammation and oxidative stress: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018;28(1):55-65. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  72. Astley C, Souza D, Polito M. Acute caffeine ingestion on performance in young judo athletes. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2017;29(3):336-40. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  73. Akca F, Aras D, Arslan E. [Caffeine, mechanisms of action and effects on physical performance]. Spormetre Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;16(1):1-12. [Crossref] 
  74. Davis JK, Green JM. Caffeine and anaerobic performance: ergogenic value and mechanisms of action. Sports Med. 2009;39(10):813-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  75. Williams J, Signorile J, Barnes W, Henrich T. Caffeine, maximal power output and fatigue. Br J Sports Med. 1988;22(4):132-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com