Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: REVIEW
Ağız, Diş Çene Cerrahisi ve Anksiyete: Sistematik Derleme
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Anxiety: Systematic Review
Gizemnur KAYMAZa, Ahmet ALTANa, Nihat AKBULUTa
aTokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi ABD, Tokat, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2022;28(3):691-6
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2021-86267
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Diş hekimliğinde anksiyete yaygın görülen bir durumdur. Bu durum, hastalarda pek çok duygusal ve fiziksel değişikliklere sebep olabilmektedir. Günümüzde gelişen teknoloji ile beraber uygulanan modern tedavilere rağmen dental işlemler stres yaratmaya devam etmektedir. Hastalarda el yüz ve bütün vücutta titreme, terleme, nefes almada güçsüzlük, senkop, ağız kuruluğu görülebilir. Hastanın kişilik özelliği, cinsiyeti, yaşı, eğitim durumu ve geçmişte yaşadığı dental tedaviler, tedavi sonucu ile ilgili olumsuz beklentiler, negatif diş hekimihasta ilişkisi gibi birçok faktör hastaların dental kaygı düzeylerini ve dental işlemlere bakış açısını etkileyebilir. Hastanın kaygı ve endişesi diş hekiminin tedaviyi gerçekleştirmesini zorlaştırır, zaman kaybına neden olur ve diş hekimliği işinin kalitesini düşürebilir. Ağız, diş ve çene cerrahisi uygulamaları, diğer diş hekimleri uygulamalarına kıyasla hastalarda daha çok stres oluşturmaktadır. Gömülü 20 yaş cerrahisi, implant uygulamaları, ortognatik cerrahi, dudak-damak yarığı cerrahisi gibi pek çok uygulama, hastaların anksiyete derecelerini farklı düzeylerde etkilemektedir. Diş hekimlerinin mezuniyet öncesi ve sonrası dönemde anksiyetenin sebepleri, yönetimi, dental tedavi ve ağız sağlığı üzerine etkileri açısından bilgi sahibi olması ve bu süreci yönetebilmesi gerekmektedir. Anksiyetenin kontrol ve yönetim biçimleri arasında; anksiyete azaltıcı protokol, farmakolojik yöntemler, başa çıkma stratejilerinin azaltılması bulunmaktadır. Hastalara psikolojik yaklaşım, telkin yeterli gelmediğinde farmakolojik ajanlardan yararlanılabilir. Bu derlemenin amacı, literatürdeki anksiyete çalışmaları hakkında bilgi vermektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diş hekimliği; cerrahi; anksiyete
ABSTRACT
 Anxiety is a common condition in dentistry. This situation can cause many emotional and physical changes in patients. Despite the modern treatments applied together with the developing technology, dental procedures continue to create stress. Patients may experience tremor, sweating, weakness in breathing, syncope and trembling and dryness in mouth, hands, face and whole body. Many factors such as the patient's personality, gender, age, educational status and dental treatments in the past, negative expectations about the result of the treatment, and negative dentist-patient relationship can affect the dental anxiety levels of the patients and their perspective on dental procedures. The patient's anxiety and worry make it difficult for the dentist to perform the treatment, cause a waste of time and may reduce the quality of the dental work. Oral and maxillofacial surgery applications create more stress in patients compared with other dentistry applications. Many applications such as impacted wisdom tooth surgery, implant applications, orthognathic surgery, cleft lip and palate surgery affect the anxiety levels of patients. Dentists should have knowledge about the causes of anxiety, its management, its effects on dental treatment and oral health, and be able to manage this process before and after graduation. Among the forms of control and management of anxiety; anxiety-reducing protocol, pharmacological methods, and reduction of coping strategies. When the psychological approach and suggestion are not sufficient, pharmacological agents can be used. The purpose of this review is to give information about anxiety studies in the literature.

Keywords: Dentistry; surgery; anxiety
REFERENCES:
  1. Miller AA. Psychological considerations in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 1970;81(4):941-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Akarslan ZZ, Erten H. Diş hekimliği korkusu ve kaygısı [Dental fear and anxiety]. Hacettepe Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2009;33(1):62-8. [Link] 
  3. Tanidir AN, Atac MS, Karacelebi E. Information given by multimedia: influence on anxiety about extraction of impacted wisdom teeth. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;54(6):652-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Hermes D, Matthes M, Saka B. Treatment anxiety in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Results of a German multi-centre trial. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2007;35(6-7):316-21. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Simsek N, İspir S. Diş hekimliğinde anksiyete [Anxiety in dentistry]. Akdeniz Medical Journal. 2019;1:15-20. [Crossref] 
  6. Yusa H, Onizawa K, Hori M, Takeda S, Takeda H, Fukushima S, et al. Anxiety measurements in university students undergoing third molar extraction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004;98(1):23-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Tunc EP, Firat D, Onur OD, Sar V. Reliability and validity of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) in a Turkish population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33(5):357-62. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Freeman RE. Dental anxiety: a multifactorial aetiology. Br Dent J. 1985;159(12):406-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Kömerik N, Muğlalı M. Ağız cerrahisinde anksiyete kontrolü: hastaların bilgilendirilmesi [Anxiety control in oral surgery: patients information]. Atatürk Uni Dis Hek Fak Dergisi. 2005;15(3):25-33. [Link] 
  10. Stabholz A, Peretz B. Dental anxiety among patients prior to different dental treatments. Int Dent J. 1999;49(2):90-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Ayaz A, Bilgin N, Mollaoğlu N. Dental anksiyetede durumluk ve sürekli kaygı ölçeğinin kullanımı [The use of stait-trait anxiety inventory in dental anxiety management]. Klinik Bil Derg. 2017;8(2):1553-60. [Link] 
  12. Öner N, Le Compte A. Durumluk-sürekli Kaygı Envanteri Elkitabı. 2. Baskı. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları; 1985.
  13. Armfield JM. How do we measure dental fear and what are we measuring anyway. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2010;8(2):107-15. [PubMed] 
  14. Dailey YM, Humphris GM, Lennon MA. The use of dental anxiety questionaires: a survey of a group of UK dental practitioners. Br Dent J. 2001;190(8):450-3. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Sung YT, Wu JS. Visual analogue scale for rating, ranking and paired-comparison (VAS-RRP): a new technique for psychological measurement. Behav Res Methods. 2018;50(4):1694-715. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  16. Dsjardins PJ. Patient pain and anxiety: the medical and psychological challenges facing oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;58(10 Suppl 2):1-3. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Kazancioglu HO, Tek M, Ezirganli S, Demirtas N. Does watching a video on third molar surgery increase patients' anxiety level? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2015;119(3):272-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Omezli MM, Torul D, Kahveci K. Does watching videos increase the perioperative anxiety in patients undergoing third molar surgery? A randomized trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;78(2): 216.e1-e9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Toledano-Serrabona J, Sánchez-Torres A, Camps-Font O, Figueiredo R, Gay-Escoda C, Valmaseda-Castellón E. Effect of an informative video on anxiety and hemodynamic parameters in patients requiring mandibular third molar extraction: a randomized clinical trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;78(11):1933-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Yamashita K, Kibe T, Ohno S, Kohjitani A, Sugimura M. The effects of music listening during extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar on the autonomic nervous system and psychological state. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;77(6):1153.e1-e8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Menziletoglu D, Guler AY, Cayır T, Isik BK. Binaural beats or 432 Hz. music? Which method is more effective for reducing preoperative dental anxiety? Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2021;26(1):e97-101. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. Hosgor H, Coskunses FM, Tokuc B. Correlation between preoperative pressure pain assessments and anxiety and postoperative pain in impacted lower third molar surgery. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;47(1):15-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Ciğerim L, Ciğerim SÇ. Dental implant cerrahisinde anksiyete: literatür derlemesi [Anxiety in dental implant surgery: literature review]. Van Tıp Derg. 2017;24(4):415-9. [Crossref] 
  24. Scariot R, Tomaz CO, Calixto RD, Gerber JT, Pivetta Petinati MF, Cavalcante RC, et al. Association between gender, estrogen receptors genes and anxiety levels in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2019;47(8):1300-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Bozkurt P, Vural Ç. Effect of lavender oil inhalation on reducing presurgical anxiety in orthognathic surgery patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;77(12):2466.e1-e7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Barel PS, Sousa CS, Poveda VB, Turrini RNT. Anxiety and knowledge of patients before being subjected to orthognathic surgery. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(Suppl 5):2081-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Klages U, Ulusoy O, Kianifard S, Wehrbein H. Dental trait anxiety and pain sensitivity as predictors of expected and experienced pain in stressful dental procedures. Eur J Oral Sci. 2004;112(6):477-83. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Altan A, Akkoç S, Erdil A, Çolak S, Demir O, Altan H. Effects of pain catastrophizing and anxiety on analgesic use after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2019;19(6):379-88. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  29. Yilmaz HN, Abuhan E. Maternal and paternal anxiety levels through primary lip surgery. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;121(5):478-83. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Zhang X, Wang B, Qiao SC, Gu YX, Shi JY, Lai HC. A study on the prevalence of dental anxiety, pain perception, and their interrelationship in Chinese patients with oral implant surgery. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2019;21(3):428-35. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Köroğlu A, Durkan R. Diş hekimliği uygu lamalarında karşılaşılan dental ansksiyete sendromunun etiyolojisinin ve tedavi yöntemlerinin değerlendirilmesi [An evaluation of the etiology and the treatment procedures of dental anxiety syndrome encountered in dental applications]. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni. 2010;20(3):205-12. [Link] 
  32. De Jongh A, Adair P, Meijerink-Anderson M. Clinical management of dental anxiety: what works for whom? Int Dent J. 2005;55(2):73-80. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com