Current Opinion in Lipidology

Ailesel kombine hiperlipideminin genetiği
Ailesel kombine hiperlipideminin genetiği
Jussi Naukkarinena,b, Christian Ehnholma ve Leena Peltonena,b, c
aDepartment of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland, bSchool of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and cThe Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Derlemenin amacı
Bu derlemenin amacı, en sık görülen genetik dislipidemi ve erken koroner arter hastalığının majör risk faktörü olan ailesel kombine hiperlipidemiden sorumlu olduğu varsayılan genlerle ilişkili son gelişmeleri incelemektir.

Son bulgular

Ailesel genetik hiperlipidemi için ilk gösterilen lokus olan 1q21-23'ün, lipid ve glukoz metabolizmasında önemli olan USF1 isimli transkripsiyon faktörünü kodlayan geni içerdiği gösterilmiştir. Tüm varyantlarda, kodlamayan tek nükleotid polimorfizmi gözlenir. Bu da nükleer proteinlerin bağlanma bölgelerini etkileyerek USF1'in transkripsiyonunu etkiler. Yağ dokusu biyopsilerinin analizi ilgili genlerde risk-allel'e bağlı değişiklikler olduğunu göstermiştir. Ailesel kombine hiperlipideminin moleküler patogeneziyle ilgili bir diğer bulgu da, yüksek trigliseridle karakterize tipinin 11q'da lokalize APOA5 geniyle ilişkisidir. 16q24 ve 20q12-q13.1 gibi diğer lokusların saptanması nedeniyle, ailesel kombine hiperlipidemiyle ilgili daha fazla genin keşfedilmesi beklenmektedir.
Özet
Ailesel kombine hiperlipideminin genetiğiyle ilgili araştırmalar, yatkınlığa neden olabilecek çeşitli lokusların aydınlanmasını sağlamıştır. USF1 transkripsiyon faktörü 1q21-23 bağlantısının altında yatan majör gendir. Özellikle yüksek trigliseridle karakterize tipte etkili APOC3 ve APOA5 gibi USF1 üzerinden etkili modifiye edici genlerin varlığı, dislipidemilerin moleküler patogenezinde USF1 bağımlı bir yolağın olduğunu düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: APOA5, kompleks hastalık, koroner arter hastalığı, dislipidemi, ailesel kombine hiperlipidemi, genetik, metabolik sendrom, tip 2 diyabeti USF1
ABSTRACT
Purpose of review
To provide an overview of recent advances that have defined the first putative genes behind familial combined hyperlipidemia, the most common genetic dyslipidemia and a major risk factor for early coronary heart disease.
Recent findings
The first locus for familial combined hyperlipidemia on 1q21-23 revealed a gene encoding a transcription factor critical in lipid and glucose metabolism, USF1. All the associated variants represent noncoding single nucleotide polymorphisms, one of which affects the binding site of nuclear proteins with a putative effect on transcript levels of USF1. Transcript analyses of fat biopsies have exposed risk-allele related changes in the downstream genes. Another recent clue to the molecular pathogenesis of familial combined hyperlipidemia is the association of the high triglyceride trait with the APOA5 gene, located on 11q. More familial combined hyperlipidemia genes are expected to be found, since linkage evidence exists for additional loci on 16q24 and 20q12-q13.1.
Summary
Genetic research of familial combined hyperlipidemia families has revealed several linked loci guiding to susceptibility genes. The USF1 transcription factor is the major gene underlying the 1q21-23 linkage. Modifying genes, especially influencing the high triglyceride trait, include APOC3 and APOA5, the latter representing a downstreamtarget ofUSF1 and implying aUSF1-dependent pathway in the molecular pathogenesis of dyslipidemias.

Keywords: APOA5, complex disease, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, genetics, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, USF1

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