Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: REVIEW
Akut ve Post-COVID-19'un İskelet Kası Üzerine Etkileri ve Egzersiz İntoleransı: Geleneksel Derleme
The Effects of Acute and Post-COVID-19 on Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Intolerance: Traditional Review
Zekine PÜNDÜKa
aBalıkesir Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Balıkesir, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2023;15(3):475-82
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2023-96715
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Koronavirüse bağlı iskelet kası ile ilgili görülen semptomlar hem akut koronavirüs hastalığında [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID19)] hem de akut sonrası sekelinde [post-acute sequelae (PASC)] yaygın olarak görülmektedir. COVID-19 hastalarında yapılan laboratuvar araştırmaları ve farklı ölçüm yöntemleriyle yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucu iskelet kas kayıplarını gösterir niteliktedir. Post-COVID kaynaklı bu kas kayıplarının ve kas hasarının mekanizması ve uzun dönemli sonuçları belirsizdir. Bu derlemede, COVID-19'un neden olduğu iskelet kası ve akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu, kritik hastalık kas miyopatisi (kas tutulumu) ve viral yorgunluk sendromu gibi diğer fiziksel durumlarda etkilenen hücresel ve moleküler yolakları tartışmayı amaçladık. COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında, şiddetli COVID-19 ve PASC hastalarının iskelet kası zayıflığından ve egzersiz intoleransından muzdarip olduğu gözlemlendi. Histolojik araştırmalara göre oluşan kas hasarı, sitokin fırtınası, yetersiz beslenme, uzun süre inaktivite, yoğun bakımda kalma süresi, mekanik ventilasyon ve ilaç kaynaklı olduğunu gösterdi. Ayrıca sistemik inflamasyon, inaktivite, hipoksemi ve yetersiz beslenme gibi katkıda bulunan diğer faktörler de PASC'de rol oynamaktadır. Ancak PASC ile ilişkili iskelet kası zayıflığı ve egzersiz intoleransı belirsizdir. Ayrıca PASC'deki iskelet kası değişiklikleri ile kronik yorgunluk sendromu arasındaki benzerliklerin daha fazla araştırılması gerekiyor. Sonuç olarak, şiddetli düzeyde bu hastalığı geçiren ve uzun dönem tedavi gören hastalarda, hem akut dönemde hem de uzayan dönemde devam eden bu moleküller, metabolik değişiklikler iskelet kası yapısını değiştirerek kas kuvvet zayıflığına ve egzersiz intoleransına neden olabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; post-COVID; iskelet kası inflamasyonu; egzersiz intoleransı
ABSTRACT
 Skeletal muscle-related symptoms associated with coronavirus are common in both acute coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and post-acute sequelae (PASC). As a result of laboratory research and evaluations made with different measurement methods in COVID-19 patients, it proves the loss of skeletal muscle fibrils. The mechanism and long-term consequences of these muscle losses and muscle damage are unclear. We aimed in this review discussed the effect of COVID-19 on the cellular and molecular pathways that are affected in skeletal muscle and other physical conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, critical illness myopathy, and post-viral fatigue syndrome. During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with severe COVID19 and PASC suffer from skeletal muscle weakness and exercise intolerance is observed. Histological studies showed that muscle damage, cytokine storm, malnutrition, long inactivity, length of stay in intensive care, mechanical ventilation and drug-induced. Also, other contributing factors are involved in PASC, such as systemic inflammation, disuse, hypoxaemia, and malnutrition. However, the skeletal muscle weakness and exercise intolerance associated with PASC are uncertain. Also, similarities between skeletal muscle alterations in PASC and chronic fatigue syndrome need to further study. Therefore, it seems, acute COVID-19 and PASC alter skeletal muscle structure of the molecular way and it may cause muscle weakness and exercise intolerance.

Keywords: COVID-19; post-COVID; skeletal muscle inflammation; exercise intolerance
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5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com