Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Allergy & Asthma

Allerjen Spesifik İmmunoterapi Ağaç Polenine Karsı Astımı Olan Hastaların Alt Solunum Yollarında Erken ve Geç Faz Reaksiyonları Baskılar: Çift-Kör Plasebo Kontrollü Bir Çalışma
ALLERGEN SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY ATTENUATES EARLY AND LATE PHASE REACTIONS IN LOWER AIRWAYS OF BIRCH POLLEN ASTHMATIC PATIENTS:A DOUBLE BLIND PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY
M. B. ARVIDSSONa, O. LÖWHAGENa, S. RAKa
aAsthma and Allergy Research Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, SWEDEN
Turkiye Klinikleri J Allergy-Asthma. 2004;6(1):1-8
Article Language: TR
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Amaç: Allerjene spesifik immunoterapinin (SIT) erken ve geç faz astmatik reaksiyonlar üzerine etkisi konusunda az sayıda plasebo kontrollü çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu plasebo kontrollü çalışmada, standardize ağaç polen ekstresi ile 1 yıllık SITın erişkin astmatik hastalarda erken ve geç faz astmatik reaksiyonlar üzerine etkisini araştırdık. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, öyküsünde ağaç poleni ile indüklenen üst ve alt solunum yollarına ait mevsimsel semptomlar bulunan, prick testi ve ağaç polen ekstresine karşı in vitro spesifik immunglobulin E pozitif olan 19 hasta dahil edildi. Allerjen ve metakolin bronşial karşılaştırma (challenge) testi gerçekleştirildi ve 1 yıllık tedavinin öncesinde ve sonrasında serumda total eozinofil sayısı ve eozinofil katyonik protein (ECP) analizi için kan örnekleri alındı. Sonuçlar: Erken faz astmatik reaksiyon tüm hastalarda; hem erken hem geç faz astmatik reaksiyon ise 19 hastanın 16sında gelişti. 1 yıllık immunoterapinin ardından immunoterapi grubunda erken faz astmatik reaksiyonu uyarabilmek için allerjen dozunda belirgin bir artışa ihtiyaç duyuldu (p< 0.01). Gruplar arasındaki fark belirgindi (p< 0.01). Aynı zamanda, geç faz astmatik reaksiyonun boyutu da SIT grubunda plasebo verilen gruba kıyasla daha azdı (p< 0.01). Allerjenle karşılaştırmadan 24 saat sonra plasebo grubunda metakolin duyarlılığı, total eozinofil sayısı ve ECP belirgin şekilde artarken SIT grubunda değişiklik olmamıştır (sırasıyla p< 0.02, p< 0.05 ve p< 0.05). Tartışma: Standardize ağaç poleni ekstresi ile allerjen SIT polen alerjisi bulunan hastalarda bronşial karşılaştırmadan sonra erken ve geç faz reaksiyonları belirgin şekilde azaltmıştır; bu durum tedavinin anti-inflamatuar etkisini doğrulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Allerjen spesifik immunoterapi, ağaç-polen alerjisi, erken astmatik reaksiyon,geç astmatik reaksiyon, plasebo kontrollü çalışma
ABSTRACT
Background: Few placebo-controlled studies have examined the effect of allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT) on early and late phase asthmatic reactions. In this placebo-controlled study we have investigated the effect of 1 year of SIT with standardized birch pollen extract on early and late phase asthmatic reactions in adult asthmatic patients.Methods: Nineteen patients with a history of birch-pollen-induced seasonal symptoms from upper and lower airways, positive skin prick test and in vitro specific immunoglobulin E to birch pollen extract were included. Allergen and methacholine bronchial challenges were performed and blood samples obtained for analyses of total eosinophil count and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in serum, before and after 1 year of immunotherapy treatment.Results: All patients developed early and 16 of 19 both early and late phase asthmatic reactions. A significant increase in allergen dose was required to evoke asthmatic reactions in the immunotherapy group (P>0.01) after 1 year of treatment. The difference between the groups was significant (P<0.01). Also the size of late asthmatic reaction was significantly reduced in the SIT group compared with placebo treated patients (P<0.01). Twenty-four hours after allergen challenge methacholine sensitivity, number of total eosinophils and ECP increased significantly in the placebo (P<0.02, P<0.05 and P<0.05 respectively), but not in the SIT group.Conclusion: Allergen SIT with standardized birch pollen extract decreased early and late asthmatic responses following bronchial challenge in pollen allergic patients, thus confirming anti-inflammatory effect of the treatment.

Keywords: Allergen specific immunotherapy, birch-pollen allergy, early asthmatic reaction, late asthmatic reaction, placebo-controlled study

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