Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: REVIEW
Hasta Eğitim Materyallerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Okunabilirlik Formülleri ve Materyal Değerlendirme Araçları
Assessment of Patient Education Materials: Readability Formulas and Materials Assessment Tool
Fatma ORGUNa, Cemre PAYLAN AKKOÇa
aEge Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Hemşirelikte Öğretim ABD, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2020;12(3):412-8
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2020-74172
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Günümüzde sağlık bakımı, hastaların bağımsızca öz bakımlarını sürdürebilmeleri için gerekli bilgi, beceri ve davranışların kazandırılmasına odaklanmaktadır. Sağlık profesyonelleri ise bu noktada en önemli yol gösterici ve eğitici kişilerdir. Hastaların eğitiminde önemli olan, verilen bilginin hastaya ulaşması ve anlaşılabilir olmasıdır. Hasta eğitiminde, bilgilerin kalıcılığını artırmak, eğitimi etkili bir şekilde gerçekleştirmek için materyal kullanımı büyük öneme sahiptir ve özellikle sık kullanılmakta olan basılı broşür ve kitapçık en kolay ulaşılabilen çeşitleridir. Ancak bu materyaller, sıklıkla fazla bilgi içermekte ve hastanın eğitim seviyesinin üstünde olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu materyaller sunulmadan önce hastanın eğitim seviyesine uygunluğu ile biçim, içerik gibi diğer niteliksel faktörleri değerlendirilmeli, eksik noktaları geliştirilerek hastaya uygun hâle getirilmelidirler. Bu amaçla, materyallerin değerlendirmesinde okunabilirlik formülleri ile geçerli ve güvenilir değerlendirme araçları kullanılmaktadır. Okunabilirlik formülleri, materyali nicel olarak değerlendirirken; eksik kalan diğer kısımlar materyal değerlendirme araçları ile giderilir. Bunlardan yalnız birini kullanmak, anlama etki eden diğer faktörleri göz ardı etmek demektir. Diğer önemli bir nokta, hatalı sonuç elde etmemek için kullanılan formül ve araçların materyalin diline uygun geçerli ve güvenilir olmasıdır. Ancak ülkemizde yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde bu kuralın göz ardı edildiği, çoğunlukla bunlardan yalnız birinin ya da Türkçe için uygun olmayan formül ve araçların kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bu makalenin amacı, hasta eğitim materyallerinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan formül ve araçları tanımlamak, Türkçe için uygun olanların bir özetini sunmaktır. Bu 2 kavramı birlikte ele alan bir çalışma olmaması bakımından, literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Eğitim; hasta eğitimi; hasta eğitim materyali; eğitimsel ölçüm; okunabilirlik
ABSTRACT
 Nowadays, health care focuses on providing patients with the necessary knowledge, skills and behaviors so that they can maintain their self-care independently. At this point, health professionals are the most important people to guide and educate them. The important thing in patient education is to be taken by the patients of given informations truly and its' understandability. In patient education, the use of materials is very importance in order to increase the permanence of the information and to perform the education effectively, and it is especially easy-to-access brochures and booklets. However, these materials often contain too much information or are above the education level of the patient. Therefore, the suitability of the patient's level of education and other qualitative factors such as format, content should be evaluated before these materials are presented to the patients, and missing points should be developed and made suitable for the patient. For this purpose, readability formulas, valid and reliable assessment tools are used in the assessment of the materials. While the readability formulas assess the material quantitatively, the missing parts are eliminated with the material assessment tools. Using only one of these means ignoring other factors that affect meaning. Another important point is that the formulas and tools used to avoid erroneous results are valid and reliable in accordance with the language of the material. However, when the studies conducted in our country were examined, it was seen that this rule was ignored, mostly only one of them or using formulas or tools that were not suitable for Turkish. The purpose of this article is to describe the formulas and tools used in the evaluation of patient education materials and to provide a summary of those suitable for Turkish language. It is thought that it will contribute to the literature in terms of the lack of a study that addresses these 2 concepts together.

Keywords: Education; patient education; patient education materials; educational measurement; readability
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