Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Atipik Klinik Özellikleri Olan Ön Optik Nöropatilerde Etiyolojik Araştırma
Etiologic Evaluation in Anterior Optic Neuropathies with Atypical Clinical Features
Elif DEMİRKILINÇ BİLERa, Önder ÜRETMENa, Filiz AFRASHİa, Süheyla KÖSEb
aGöz Hastalıkları AD, Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi,
bSerbest, İzmir
Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol. 2014;23(2):79-84
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Atipik klinik özellikleri olan ön optik nöropatilerde, etiyolojiye yönelik yaptığımız multidisipliner araştırmaların sonucunu ortaya koymak. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, kliniğimize ani görme kaybı şikâyeti ile başvuran, yapılan nörooftalmolojik muayene sonrasında ön optik nöropati tanısı alan ve atipik klinik özellikler saptanan 37 olgu dâhil edildi. Tüm hastalara rutin oftalmolojik muayeneye yapılarak hikaye ve öz geçmişleri detaylı olarak sorgulandı. Ayrıca tüm hastalara tam biyokimya ilaveten nöroloji, iç hastalıkları, romatoloji, enfeksiyon hastalıkları, göğüs hastalıkları, kardiyoloji ve hematoloji konsültasyonları istendi ve kraniyo-orbital manyetik rezonans görüntülemeleri yapıldı. Tüm tetkik sonuçları tekrar konsültasyonları ile yorumlanarak etiyoloji faktörler araştırıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların 17'si kadın, 20'si erkek olup, ortalama yaş 44,2±11,8 yıl olarak saptandı. Tutulan gözlerde şikâyet süresi 8,6±8,2 (1-30) gün idi. Alınan hikâyelerde 21 hastada bilinen sistemik hastalık bulunmazken, beş hastada diyabet, iki hastada hiperlipidemi ve dokuz hastada hipertansiyon öyküsü vardı. Kardiyak EKO tetkikleri sonucu iki hastada sol ventrikül diyastolik disfonksiyon, iki hastada triküspit yetmezlik ve dolum defekti, bir hastada interatriyel septum anevrizması; karotis Doppler USG ile bir hastada vertebral arterde oklüzyon, bir hastada internal karotis arterde kalsifik plak saptandı. Yapılan tüm tetkik ve konsültasyonlar sonucu sekiz hasta tromboza eğilim, dört hasta hiperlipidemi, bir hasta MS, bir hasta hipertansiyon ve bir hasta da Behçet tanısı aldı. İki hastaya Coumadin, sekiz hastaya Corasprin başlandı. Sonuç: Atipik klinik özellikler bulunan ön optik nöropati tablosu ile gelen hastalarda optik nöropatinin diğer nadir sebepleri ayırıcı tanıda düşünülmeli ve araştırılmalıdır. Optik nöropatinin atipik klinik durumlarında, özel ileri laboratuvar, nörofizyolojik ve nöroradyolojik inceleme erken ve doğru tanı için gereklidir. Öte yandan yapılan tüm tetkik ve konsültasyonlara rağmen etiyolojinin çoğu hastada belirsizliğini koruması nedeniyle bu testlerin gerekliliği de tartışmaya açıktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Optik sinir hastalıkları; optik nöropati, iskemik; etiyoloji
ABSTRACT
Objective: To report the results of etiologic investigations in a group of anterior optic neuropathy patients with atypical clinical features. Material and Methods: Thirty seven cases with the diagnosis of acute anterior optic neuropathy with optic disc edema and having atypical clinical features were enrolled in the study. Detailed history of patients were asked and routine ophthalmologic examinations were performed. All cases were consultated to neurology, internal medicine, romatology, infectious disease, cardiology, pulmonary medicine and hematology departments as well as radiogy for cranio-orbital magnetic resonance imaging. Radiologic and laboratuary test results were evaluated via re-consultations. Results: There were 17 female and 20 male in the study. The mean age was 44.2±11.8 years and the duration of symptoms was 8.6±8.2 (1-30) days. 21 cases reported no previous history of any disease whereas there was a history of diabetes mellitus in five patients, hyperlipidemia in two and hypertension in nine patients. In cardiac ECO examination, two patients were noticed to have left ventricular dysfunction, two patients tricuspid insufficency and one patient interatrial septum aneurysm. Vertebral arter occlusion was detected in one patient and calcific plaque in internal carotid artery was detected in one patient with carotid Doppler USG. As a result of all consultations and radiologic-laboratory tests, eight patients were newly diagnosed with the tendency to have thrombosis, four patients with hyperlipidemia, one patient with multiple sclerosis, one patients with hypertension, and one patient with Behcet disease. Coumadin was prescribed to two patients and Corasprin to eight patients. Conclusion: The rare causes of anterior optic neuropathy should be evaluated in a patient with atypical presentation of an optic neuropathy. Special laboratory, neurophysiologic and neuroradiological tests could be necessary for immediate and exact diagnosis. However, despite all investigations, etiology remains uncertain in most patients and the necessity of performing all these tests is still controversial.

Keywords: Optic nerve diseases; optic neuropathy, ischemic; etiology

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