Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Atrofik Posterior Mandibular Kretlerde Farklı Boy Çap Açı ve Dizaynlarda Yerleştirilen İmplantlarda ve Çevre Kemikte Meydana Gelen Streslerin Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Finite Element Analysis of Implants Placed in Different Length Diameter Angle Design and Peripheral Bone in Atrophic Posterior Mandible
Orhan Zeki RASTGELDİa, Burak CEZAİRLİb, Mustafa AYb
aSerbest Diş Hekimi, Gaziantep, TÜRKİYE
bOrdu Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Ağız Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi ABD, Ordu, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2021;27(3):347-56
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2020-77163
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Atrofiye uğramış mandibular posterior bölgelerde geleneksel yöntemlerle implant uygulanırken, anatomik limitasyonlarla karşılaşılabilinmektedir. Kısa implantlar ve açılı implantlar, atrofik çenelerde ya da alveoler kemik yüksekliğinin anatomik yapılar nedeniyle sınırlı kaldığı durumlarda, ek cerrahi işlemler uygulanmasına gerek kalmadan implant yerleştirilebilmesine olanak tanımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 3 boyutlu sonlu elemanlar stres analizi yöntemini kullanarak implant uzunluğu, çapı ve yerleştirilme açısının kortikal, spongioz kemik ve implantlarda oluşturduğu streslerin analiz edilip, kıyaslanması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Mandibular, 1. molar dişin kaybına bağlı olarak atrofiye uğramış mandibula modeli ve 5 farklı implant modeli implant üstü yapılarıyla beraber 3 boyutlu sonlu elemanlar stres analiziyle değerlendirilmek üzere sanal olarak oluşturuldu. Açılı implantların 3,75 mm çap, 10 mm uzunluğa sahip ve dişin uzun aksına 15°, 20°, 25° açı ile yerleştirilecek şekilde, kısa implantların da 4,5 mm çap, 6 mm uzunluk ve 5,0 mm çap, 7,5 mm uzunluğa sahip olacak şekilde modellemesi yapıldı. Her modele 150 N vertikal ve 45° bukkolingual açılı kuvvet uygulandı. Bulgular: Kortikal kemikte oluşan stresler, spongioz kemikte oluşan streslerden daha yüksek değerlerde olmuştur. Oblik kuvvet altında kortikal kemik kısmında en yüksek sıkışma ve gerilme stresi değeri 15° açılı implant modelinde görülürken, en düşük sıkışma ve gerilme stresi değeri 7,5 mm uzunluk ve 5 mm çapa sahip kısa implant modelinde görülmüştür. Sonuç: Tüm modellerde elde edilen sıkışma ve gerilme stres değerleri, kortikal ve spongioz kemiğin sıkışma ve gerilme eşik değerlerinin altında ölçülmüştür. İmplantlarda oluşan Von Mises stres değerleri implantın kırılma direncinin altında ölçülmüştür. Mandibular posterior bölgede kısa implantların açılı implantlara göre daha iyi bir seçenek olabileceği değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diş implantları; sonlu eleman analizi; mandibula
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Atrophic ridges in the posterior mandible present serious limitations for conventional implant placement. Short implants and tilted ones allow the placement of the implants into the atrophic jaws or cases that alveolar bone height limited by anatomical structures without additional surgical augmentation procedures. Our aim was to analyze and compare the effects of implant length, diameter and tilting on stress distributions of cortical, cancellous bone and implant body using 3- dimensional finite element stress analysis. Material and Methods: A 3- dimensional finite element stress analysis model of an atrophic mandibular section of bone with missing first molar tooth was developed, and five different implant models with prosthetic components were developed. The standard implant models with 3.75 mm diameter and 10 mm length were placed with 15°, 20°, 25° angulations buccolingually to the long axis of the tooth, while the short implant models with 4.5 mm diameter, 6 mm length and 5 mm diameter, 7.5 mm length respectively were placed perpendicular to the occlusal plane. A vertical load of 150 N and a buccally-oriented (45°) oblique load of 150 N was applied to the crown. Results: The results demonstrated that the principal stresses in the cortical bone were higher than the principal stresses in the spongioz bone. The highest compression and tensile stress values in the cortical bone section under oblique force were observed in the implant model with an angle of 15°, while the lowest compression and tensile stress value was observed in the short implant model with a length of 7.5 mm and diameter of 5 mm. Conclusion: The compressive and stress stress values obtained in all models were below the compressive and tensile threshold values of the cortical and spongios bone. The Von Mises stress values that occur in the implants were below the fracture resistance of the implant. It has been evaluated that short implant application in mandibular posterior region may be a better option than buccolingually tilted implant application.

Keywords: Dental implants; finite element analysis; mandible
REFERENCES:
  1. Pancko F, Dyer J, Weisglass S, Kraut RA. Use of tilted implants in treatment of the atrophic posterior mandible: a preliminary report of a novel approach. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68(2):407-13. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Stellingsma C, Vissink A, Meijer HJ, Kuiper C, Raghoebar GM. Implantology and the severely resorbed edentulous mandible. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004;1;15(4):240-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. das Neves FD, Fones D, Bernardes SR, do Prado CJ, Neto AJ. Short implants--an analysis of longitudinal studies. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2006;21(1):86-93. [PubMed] 
  4. Renouard F, Nisand D. Impact of implant length and diameter on survival rates. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006;17 Suppl 2:35-51. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Maló P, Rangert B, Nobre M. "All-on-Four" immediate-function concept with Brånemark System implants for completely edentulous mandibles: a retrospective clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2003;5 Suppl 1:2-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Calandriello R, Tomatis M. Simplified treatment of the atrophic posterior maxilla via immediate/early function and tilted implants: a prospective 1-year clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2005;7 Suppl 1:S1-12. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Pozzi A, Sannino G, Barlattani A. Minimally invasive treatment of the atrophic posterior maxilla: a proof-of-concept prospective study with a follow-up of between 36 and 54 months. J Prosthet Dent. 2012;108(5):286-97. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Özkan BT, Eskitascioglu G, Cigerim L, Kaplan V. Insertion of buccally tilted and placed implants in edentulous atrophic posterior mandibular sites. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 2012;26(4):3163-6. [Crossref] 
  9. Kawasaki T, Komatsu K, Tsuchiya R. Tilted placement of tapered implants using a modified surgical template. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69(6):1642-50. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Flanagan D. Avoiding osseous grafting in the atrophic posterior mandible for implant-supported fixed partial dentures: a report of 2 cases. J Oral Implantol. 2011;37(6):705-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Taşkınsel E, Gümüş HO. Sonlu elemanlar stres analizi ve restoratif diş hekimliğinde kullanımı. [Finite elements stress analysis and its use in restorative dentistry systemic disease]. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni. 2014;8:131-5. [Crossref] 
  12. Geng JP, Tan KB, Liu GR. Application of finite element analysis in implant dentistry: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent. 2001;85(6):585-98. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Baggi L, Cappelloni I, Di Girolamo M, Maceri F, Vairo G. The influence of implant diameter and length on stress distribution of osseointe­grated implants related to crestal bone geom­etry: a three-dimensional finite element analysis. J prosthet Dent. 2008;100(6):422-31. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Sevimay M, Turhan F, Kiliçarslan MA, Eski­tascioglu G. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the effect of different bone quality on stress distribution in an implant-supported crown. J prosthet Dent. 2005;93(3):227-34. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Katranji A, Misch K, Wang HL. Cortical bone thickness in dentate and edentulous human cadavers. J Periodontol. 2007;78(5):874-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Nelson SJ. Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion. 9th ed. Saunders; 2009.
  17. Cordaro L, Amadé DS, Cordaro M. Clinical results of alveolar ridge augmentation with mandibular block bone grafts in partially edentulous patients prior to implant placement. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2002;13(1):103-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Ferrigno N, Laureti M, Fanali S. Inferior alveolar nerve transposition in conjunction with implant placement. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2005;20(4):610-20. [PubMed] 
  19. Kotsovilis S, Fourmousis I, Karoussis IK, Bamia C. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of implant length on the survival of rough-surface dental implants. J Periodontol. 2009;80(11):1700-18. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Lai HC, Si MS, Zhuang LF, Shen H, Liu YL, Wismeijer D. Long-term outcomes of short dental implants supporting single crowns in posterior region: a clinical retrospective study of 5-10 years. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013;24(2):230-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Krekmanov L. Placement of posterior mandibular and maxillary implants in patients with severe bone deficiency: a clinical report of procedure. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2000;15(5):722-30. [PubMed] 
  22. Oikarinen K, Raustia AM, Hartikainen M. General and local contraindications for endosseal implants--an epidemiological panoramic radiograph study in 65-year-old subjects. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1995;23(2):114-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Griffin TJ, Cheung WS. The use of short, wide implants in posterior areas with reduced bone height: a retrospective investigation. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;92(2):139-44. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Ozturk A, Potluri A, Vieira AR. Position and course of the mandibular canal in skulls. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012;113(4):453-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Kim HJ, Yu SK, Lee MH, Lee HJ, Kim HJ, Chung CH. Cortical and cancellous bone thickness on the anterior region of alveolar bone in Korean: a study of dentate human cadavers. J Adv Prosthodont. 2012;4(3):146-52. [Crossref] 
  26. Holmgren EP, Seckinger RJ, Kilgren LM, Mante F. Evaluating parameters of osseointegrated dental implants using finite element analysis--a two-dimensional comparative study examining the effects of implant diameter, implant shape, and load direction. J Oral Implantol. 1998;24(2):80-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Himmlová L, Dostálová T, Kácovský A, Konvicková S. Influence of implant length and diameter on stress distribution: a finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;91(1):20-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Eskitascioglu G, Usumez A, Sevimay M, Soykan E, Unsal E. The influence of occlusal loading location on stresses transferred to implant-supported prostheses and supporting bone: a three-dimensional finite element study. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;91(2):144-50. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Almeida EO, Rocha EP, Freitas Júnior AC, Anchieta RB, Poveda R, Gupta N, et al. Tilted and short implants supporting fixed prosthesis in an atrophic maxilla: a 3D-FEA biomechanical evaluation. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17 Suppl 1:e332-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Cinar D, Imirzalioglu P. The effect of three different crown heights and two different bone types on implants placed in the posterior maxilla: three-dimensional finite element analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2016;31(2):e1-e10. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Watanabe F, Hata Y, Komatsu S, Ramos TC, Fukuda H. Finite element analysis of the influence of implant inclination, loading position, and load direction on stress distribution. Odontology. 2003;91(1):31-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Cağlar A, Aydin C, Ozen J, Yilmaz C, Korkmaz T. Effects of mesiodistal inclination of implants on stress distribution in implant-supported fixed prostheses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2006;21(1):36-44. [PubMed] 
  33. Takahashi T, Shimamura I, Sakurai K. Influence of number and inclination angle of implants on stress distribution in mandibular cortical bone with All-on-4 Concept. J Prosthodont Res. 2010;54(4):179-84. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Degerliyurt K, Simsek B, Erkmen E, Eser A. Effects of different fixture geometries on the stress distribution in mandibular peri-implant structures: a 3-dimensional finite element analysis. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics. 2010;110(2):e1-11. [Crossref] 
  35. Akça K, Iplikçioğlu H. Finite element stress analysis of the influence of staggered versus straight placement of dental implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16(5):722-30. [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com