Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Bağışıklık Sistemi Baskılanmış Bireylerde Cryptosporidium'un ELISA ve Modifiye Aside Dirençli Boyama Yöntemi ile Araştırılması
Investigation of the Cryptosporidium in Immune Suppressed Individuals by Using Modified Acid-Fast Stainnig and ELISA Methods
Canan ERENa, Ömer METEb, Nezahat AKPOLATb, Mutallip ÇİÇEKb
aMikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı, Diyarbakır Çocuk Hastalıkları Hastanesi,
bTıbbi Mikrobiyoloji AD, Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Diyarbakır
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2012;32(6):1545-53
doi: 10.5336/medsci.2011-26071
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Cryptosporidium cinsi protozoon gastroenterit etkenlerinden birisidir. Klora dirençli olması ve içme suyu süzgeçlerinden geçebilmesi nedeniyle parazitin kaynak sularındaki prevalansının yüksek olması ve çok az sayıda parazitin bile enfeksiyona neden olabilmesi, su kaynaklı epidemilerin nedenleri olarak gösterilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı Laboratuvarına risk grubundaki immün sistemi baskılanmış hastalardan ve ishal şikâyeti nedeniyle, farklı yaş grubundaki immün sistemi normal bireylerden gönderilen dışkılarda Cryptosporidium antijenlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. ELISA yöntemiyle Cryptosporidium türleri antijenleri araştırılmış ve modifiye aside dirençli boyama yöntemiyle Cryptosporidium ookistleri aranmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan yöntemlerin duyarlılık ve özgüllükleri değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada; onkoloji (n=156), diyaliz (n=98) ve malnütrüsyonlu çocuklardan (n=21) oluşan toplam 275 immün sistemi baskılanmış hasta ve immün sistemi normal ancak gastroenterit şikayeti ile laboratuvarımıza gönderilen gastroenteroloji hastaları (n=22) ve pediatri hastaları (n=178) olmak üzere 200 hastadan alınan dışkı örnekleri çalışıldı. Ayrıca farklı kliniklerden gönderilen, ishal şikayeti olmayan immün sistemi normal 55 bireyin dışkı örneği kontrol grubu olarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Makroskobik olarak da incelenen her dışkı örneğine lam-lamel arası preparasyon, modifiye aside dirençli boyama yapılarak Cryptosporidium ve diğer bağırsak parazitleri açısından incelendi. Ayrıca dışkı örneklerinde ''Prospect Cryptosporidium ELISA kiti'' (OXOID) ile Cryptosporidium türleri antijenleri arandı. Bulgular: Çalışmada, toplam 530 dışkı örneğinin 17 (%3,2)'sinde modifiye aside dirençli boyama yöntemi ile Cryptosporidium türleri ookisti saptanırken, ELISA yöntemi ile 31 [31/530 (%5,8)] hastanın dışkısında Cryptosporidium türleri antijeni tespit edildi. ELISA yöntemi ile, 40 yaş üstü immün sistemi baskılanmış hastalar, aside dirençli boyama yönteminde olduğu gibi Cryptosporidium'un en fazla pozitif olduğu hastalardı. Modifiye aside dirençli boyama yönteminin duyarlılığı %54, 83, özgüllüğü %100; ELISA yönteminin duyarlılığı %100, özgüllüğü de %100 olarak bulundu. Nativ-lugol preparasyon yöntemiyle örneklerin 61 (%11,5)'inde çeşitli protozoon kistleri ve 3 (%0,5)'ünde de Hymenolepis nana yumurtaları görüldü. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak hem immün sistemi baskılanmış hastalarda hem de gastroenterit şikayeti ile gelen normal hastalarda Cryptosporidium araştırılması, ayrıca bölgemizde Cryptosporidium'un araştırılmasında, boyama yöntemi ile birlikte immün tanısal bir yöntemin de kullanılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Cryptosporidium; immünyetmezlik; immünoenzimatik yöntem; boyama ve işaretleme
ABSTRACT
Objective: Cryptosporidium sp. is a protozoon and one of the causes of gastroenteritis. Since it is resistant to chlorine and passes through the filters of the drinking water, it has a high prevalence in the water sources and it may cause water-borne epidemics due to its ability to cause infection even with only a few numbers of parasites. In this study, in Medical Microbiology Department Laboratory it was aimed to investigate Cryptosporidium antigens in the stools of immunocompromised patients who were in the risk group and in the stools of immunocompetent patients who were in different age groups and had diarrhea. In this study, Cryptosporidium sp. antigens were investigated by ELISA method and Cryptosporidium oocysts were searched for with modified acid-fast staining. The sensitivity and specificity of the methods used in the study were investigated. Material and Methods: In this study, fecal samples of 275 immunocompromised patients from oncology (n=156) and dialysis (n=98) departments as well as children with malnutrition (n=21) and fecal samples of 200 immunocompetent patients with the complaints of gastroenteritis from gastroenterology (n=22) and pediatrics departments (n=178) were studied. Stool samples of 55 immunocompetent patients without diarrhea from different clinics were enrolled as the control group in the study. Stool samples of each patient was prepared for macroscopic solid-lamella preparation and stained with modified acid-fast stain and examined for Cryptosporidium and other intestinal parasites. In addition, Cryptosporidium sp. antigens were investigated with Prospect Cryptosporidium stool ELISA kit (OXOID). Results: In this study, Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts were detected using modified acid-fast staining in 17 (3.2%) and Cryptosporidium sp. antigen was detected in stools of 31 (5.8%) patients by using ELISA method among 530 stool samples. Most of the patients in whom Cryptosporidium sp. detected were immunosuppressed and older than 40 years. The sensitivity of modified acid-fast staining method was 54.83% and its specificity was 100% while both sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA method were detected as 100%. A variety of protozoan cysts were detected in 61 (11.5%) and Hymenolepis nana eggs were detected in 3 (0.5%) of the samples by using Native-Lugol preparation. Conclusion: ELISA method together with modified acid fast staining would be suitable for routine use to investigate Cryptosporidium in immunosuppressed patients and also in normal patients suffering from gastroenteritis.

Keywords: Cryptosporidium; immunocompromised; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; staining and labeling

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