Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Bir Geliştiren Bakım Uygulaması: Oyuncak Kütüphanesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
A Nurturing Care Implementation: Toy Library: A Cross-Sectional Study
Serap SAPMAZa,b, Beyhan GÜNERc, Bahar KURALd
aBartın Devlet Hastanesi, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Kliniği, Bartın, TÜRKİYE
bİstanbul Üniversitesi Çocuk Sağlığı Enstitüsü, Sosyal Pediatri BD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
cBartın Devlet Hastanesi, Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Kliniği, Bartın, TÜRKİYE
dSağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Kliniği, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr. 2022;31(1):45-52
doi: 10.5336/pediatr.2020-79044
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün önerdiği 'geliştiren bakım'; tüm çocukların sağlık, yeterli beslenme, güvenlik, duyarlı bakım ve erken öğrenme fırsatlarına erişebildikleri bir çerçevedir. Oyuncak Kütüphanesi projesine katılan dezavantajlı çocuk ve ailelerin özelliklerinin ve çocuklara sağlanan bakımın geliştiren bakım kapsamında değerlendirilmesi, çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel çalışmamıza, Bartın Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Vakfından nakdi yardım alan dezavantajlı aileler ve çocukları katılmıştır. Oyuncak Kütüphanesi'ne kayıt esnasında (30 Ekim-31 Aralık 2019) ailelere anket uygulanmıştır. Çocuk hekimi tarafından anketler değerlendirilmiş, risk saptanması durumunda gerekli izlem ve yönlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışma kriterlerine uyan 130 anket değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza katılan annelerin %76,2'si ve babaların %73,8'i ilköğretim altı eğitim düzeyindedir. Annelerin sadece %4,6'sı, babaların %44,6'sı çalışmaktadır. Anne baba boşanma sıklığı %23,8'dir. Çocukların yaş ortalamasının 4,68±1,36 olduğu, %66,2'sinin hiç kitap okunmadığı, %84,3'ünün okul öncesi eğitime katılmadığı görülmüştür. Günlük TV maruziyeti ortalama 134 dk'dır. Özbakım becerilerinde eksiklik %26,9, sosyal duygusal sorunlar %33,8, düşük kiloluluk %13,8 oranında saptanmıştır. Psikolojik şiddet, fiziksel ceza, aile içi şiddet, evde yalnız bırakılma oranları sırasıyla %34,6, %13,8, %6,9, %13,8 olarak bulunmuştur. Çocukların %3,8'inin gece aç yattığı geceler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Dezavantajlı ailelerin çocuklarının erken çocukluk döneminde gelişimsel desteğe ihtiyaç duydukları gözlenmiştir. Oyuncak Kütüphanesi gibi erken öğrenme fırsatları sunan uygulamaların çocuklara yararlı olacağı öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Oyuncak Kütüphanesi; geliştiren bakım; erken çocukluk çağı gelişimi; çocuk sağlığı; erken öğrenme fırsatları
ABSTRACT
 Objective: 'Nurturing care' recommended by the World Health Organization is a framework in which all children can access healthcare, adequate nutrition, safety, responsive care and early learning opportunities. The aim of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of disadvantaged children and families participating in the Toy Library project and the care provided to children within the scope of nurturing care. Material and Methods: Disadvantaged families and their children who received cash assistance from the Bartın Social Assistance and Solidarity Foundation are those who participated in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was applied to families during registration to the Toy Library (between 30 October-31 December 2019). The questionnaires were evaluated by a pediatrician, and the necessary follow-up and guidance were given in case of a risk. One hundred and thirty questionnaires that meet the study criteria were evaluated. Results: In our study, 76.2% of the mothers and 73.8% of the fathers who participated were at the lower primary education level. Only 4.6% of mothers and 44.6% of fathers were working. The frequency of parent divorce was 23.8%. It was observed that the average age of the children was 4.68±1.36, 66.2% of them had not read any books and 84.3% did not attend preschool education. Daily TV exposure was on average 134 minutes. Deficiency in self-care skills was 26.9%, social emotional problems were 33.8%, and underweight was 13.8%. The rates of psychological violence, corporal punishment, domestic violence, being left alone at home were; 34.6%, 13.8%, 6.9%, 13.8%, respectively. It was determined that there were nights that 3.8% of the children went to bed hungry at night. Conclusion: It has been observed that children of disadvantaged families need developmental support in early childhood. It is anticipated that practices that offer early learning opportunities as The Toy Library will be beneficial to children within the scope of nurturing care.

Keywords: Toy Library; nurturing care; early childhood development; child health; early learning opportunities
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