Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences

Bor ve Sağlık
Boron and Health
Özlem SÖĞÜTa, Ozan ACARa
aEge Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi, Analitik Kimya ABD, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
J Lit Pharm Sci. 2020;9(1):11-7
doi: 10.5336/pharmsci.2019-71534
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Sağlıklı canlıların metabolizmalarında önemli rolü olan bor, bir mikrobesindir. Borun insan sağlığına olan etkilerini özetlersek; (1) Kemiklerin yapısının korunması, büyümesi ve bakımı için önemlidir; (2) Kalsiyum, magnezyum, fosfor ve D vitamini gibi bazı vücut minerallerinin düzenlenmesinde rol alır; (3) Vücudun östrojen ve testosteron kullanımını etkiler; (4) Anti-inflamatuar etki gösterir ve romatoid artrit ile ilişkilidir; (5) Süperoksid dismutaz, katalaz ve glutatyon peroksidaz gibi antioksidan enzimlerin düzeylerini artırır; (6) Elektriksel beyin aktivitesini, bilişsel performansı ve yaşlılarda kısa-dönem hafızayı geliştirir; (7) Yara iyileştirici ve antimikrobiyal etkileri vardır; (8) Prostat, akciğer, meme kanserleri, beyin tümörleri üzerinde koruyucu ve tedavi edici etkileri olduğu bildirilmiştir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütünce sağlıklı erişkin bir bireyin beslenme ile alabileceği bor miktarı 1-13 mg olarak belirlenmiştir. Çeşitli kuruyemişler, baklagiller, meyve ve sebzeler bor açısından zengindir. Osteoporoz, osteoartrit, meme, prostat, akciğer kanserli veya riski olan, yeterli meyve ve sebze tüketmeyen kişilere bor takviyeli beslenme uygulandığında, bu hastalıklarla ilgili olumlu sonuçlar alındığı bildirilmiştir. Aşırı dozda bor alınması durumunda, erişkinlerde baş ağrısı, kusma, ishal, psikolojik sorunlar; çocuklarda havale ve beyin zarı tahribi yapabileceği rapor edilmiştir. Ancak öldürücü dozu aşmak çok zordur. Bu derleme; borun insan sağlığı üzerindeki belirgin etkilerini ve borun yeni tedavilerde kullanımını kapsayan çalışmaları bir araya getirmeye odaklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bor; sağlık; fayda; terapötik kullanım
ABSTRACT
Boron, which plays an important role in the metabolism of healthy living organisms, is a micronutrient. To summarize the effect of boron on human health; (1) Is essential for the protection, growth and maintenance of bone; (2) Plays a role in the regulation of some body minerals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and vitamin D; (3) Impacts the body's use of estrogen, testosterone (4) Has anti-imflammatory effect and related with romatoid arthrit; (5) Raises levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; (6) Improves the brains electrical activity, cognitive performance, and short-term memory for elders; (7) Has wound healing and antimicrobial effects; (8) Has demonstrated preventative and therapeutic effects in prostate, lung, breast cancers and brain tumors. The amount of boron that a healthy adult individual can take with nutrition has been determined as 1-13 mg according to World Health Organization. Some nuts, legumes, fruits and vegetables are rich in boron. It is reported that boron supplementation is showing beneficial support to any individual who is consuming a diet lacking in fruits and vegetables and who is at risk or has osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, breast, prostate, lung cancer. In the case of overdose exposure; in adults headache, vomiting, diarrhea, physcological disorder, in children convulsion, brain damage are reported. But it is very difficult to exceed the lethal dose. This review focuses on bringing boron's most salient effects on human health and the use of boron in new treatments.

Keywords: Boron; health; beneficence; therapeutic use
REFERENCES:
  1. Nielsen FH. The emergence of boron as nutritionally important throughout the life cycle. Nutrition. 2000;16(7-8):512-4. [Crossref] 
  2. Meacham S, Karakas S, Wallace A, Altun F. Boron human health: evidence for dietary recommendations and public policies. Open Miner Process J. 2010;3(1):36-53. [Crossref] 
  3. Pizzorno L. Nothing boring about boron. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2015;14(4):35-48.
  4. Demirtaş A. [Significance of boron for human nutrition and health]. J Fac Agricul Atatürk Univ. 2010;42(1):75-80.
  5. Uluişik I, Karakaya HC, Koc A. The importance of boron in biological systems. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2018;45;156-62. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. World Health Organization. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental Health Criteria 204 Boron. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998. p.192.
  7. European Food Safety Authority. Opinion of the scientific panel on dietetic products, nutrition and allergies on a request from the commission related to the tolerable upper intake level of boron (sodium borate and boric acid). EFSA J. 2004;9:1-22.
  8. Nielsen FH. Update on human health effects of boron. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2014;28(4):383-97. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Aydın T, Gönen B, Eseceli H. [The effect of boron human health and nutrition]. SDÜ J Health Sciences. 2018;9(2)119-22.
  10. Nielsen FH. Is boron nutritionally relevant? Nutr Rev. 2008;66(4):183-91. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Gaffney-Stomberg E. The impact of trace minerals on bone metabolism. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019;188(1):26-34. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Hakki SS, Bozkurt BS, Hakki EE. Boron regulates mineralized tissue-associated proteins in osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2010;24(4):243-50. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Nielsen FH, Hunt CD, Mullen LM, Hunt JR. Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. FASEB J. 1987;1(5):394-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Kuru R, Yarat A. Boron and a current overview of its effects on health. Clin Exp Health Sci. 2017;7(3):107-14. [Crossref] 
  15. Dessordi R, Spirlandeli AL, Zamarioli A, Volpon JB, Navarro AM. Boron supplementation improves bone health of non-obese diabetic mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2017;39:169-75. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Gorustovich AA, López JM, Guglielmotti MB, Cabrini RL. Biological performance of boron-modified bioactive glass particles implanted in rat tibia bone marrow. Biomed Mater. 2006;1(3):100-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Pan HB, Zhao XL, Zhang X, Zhang KB, Li LC, Li ZY, et al. Strontium borate glass: potential biomaterial for bone regeneration. JR Soc Interface. 2010;7(48):1025-31. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Goldbach HE, Wimmer M. Boron in plants and animals: is there a role beyond cell-wall structure? J Plant Nutr Soil Sci. 2007;170(1):39-48. [Crossref] 
  19. Yeşilbağ D. [The use of boron in animal nutrition]. Uludag Univ J Fac Vet Med. 2008;27(1-2):61-8.
  20. Devirian TA, Volpe SL. The physiological effects of dietary boron. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2003;43(2):219-31. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Newnham RE. Agricultural practices affect arthritis. Nutrition and Health. 1991:7(2):89-100. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Eren M, Kocaoğlu B, Uyanık F, Karabulut N. The effects of boron supplementation on performance, carcass composition and serum lipids in Japanese quails. J Anim Vet Adv. 2006;5(12):1105-8.
  23. Saglam M, Koseoglu S, Enhoş S. [Boron in periodontology]. J Health Sci. 2013;22(1):70-5.
  24. Larsen B, Petrovic M, De Seta F. Boric acid and commercial organoboron products as inhibitors of drug-resistant candida albicans. Mycopathologia. 2018;183(2):349-57. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Baker SJ, Akama T, Zhang YK, Sauro V, Pandit C, Singh R, et al. Identification of a novel boron-containing antibacterial agent (AN0128) with anti-inflammatory activity, for the potential treatment of cutaneous diseases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006;16(23):5963-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Luan Q, Desta T, Chehab L, Sanders VJ, Plattner J, Graves DT. Inhibition of experimental periodontitis by a topical boron-based antimicrobial. J Dent Res. 2008;87(2):148-52. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Naghii MR, Mofid M, Asgari AR, Hedayati M, Daneshpour MS. Comprative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma streoid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2011;25(1):54-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Dupre JN, Keenan MJ, Hegsted M, Brudevold AM. Effects of dietary boron in rats fed vitamin D-deficient diet. Environ Health Perspect. 1994;102(Suppl 7):55-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Robbins WA, Wei F, Elashoff DA, Wu G, Xun L, Jia J. Y:X sperm ratio in boron exposed men. J Androl. 2008;29(1):115-21. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Hamlacı Y, Yılmaz B, Özerdoğan N. [The impact of working life on men's reproductive health]. Androl Bul. 2017;19(1):16-22. [Crossref] 
  31. Sayli BS, Tüccar E, Elhan AH. An assessment of fertility in boron-exposed Turkish subpopulations. Reprod Toxicol. 1998;12(3):297-304. [Crossref] 
  32. Bond JP. Male reproductive organs are at risk from environmental hazards. Asian J Androl. 2010;12(2):152-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. Nielsen FH. Biochemical and physiologic consequences of boron deprivation in humans. Environ Health Perspect. 1994;102(Suppl 7):59-63. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Hegsted M, Keenan MJ, Siver F, Wozniak P. Effect of boron on vitamin D deficient rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1991;28(3):243-55. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Bast A, Goris RJ. Oxidative stres. Biochemistry and human disease. Pharm Weekbl Sci. 1989;11(6):199-206. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  36. Ercal N, Gurer-Orhan H, Aykin-Burns N. Toxic metals and oxidative stres part 1: mechanisms involved in metal-induced oxidative damage. Curr Top Med Chem. 2001;1(6):529-39. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  37. Ince S, Kucukkurt I, Cigerci H, Fatih Fidan A, Eryavuz A. The effects of dietary boric acid and borax supplementation on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity and DNA damage in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2010;24(3):161-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  38. Coban FK, Ince S, Kucukkurt I, Demirel HH, Harman O. Boron attenuates malathion-induced oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2015;38(4):391-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  39. Bhasker TV, Gowda NK, Mondal S, Krishnamoorthy P, Pal DT, Mor A, et al. Boron influences immune and antioxidant responses by moduling hepatic superoxide dismutase activity under calcium deficit abiotic stress in Wistar rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2016;36:73-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  40. Kurtoglu V, Kurtoglu F, Akalın PP. The effect of various levels of boron supplementation on live weight plasma lipid peroxidation, several biochemical and tissue antioxidant parameters of male mice: Effects of boron on performance, antioxidant and some metabolites of mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2018;49:146-50. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  41. Shiraka Y, Oda S, Kinoshita S, Kikuchi S, Tsuchioka H, Ishikawa I. Histocompatible healing of periodontal defects after application of an injectable calcium phosphate bone cement. A preliminary study in dogs. J Periodontal. 2002;73(9):1043-53. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  42. Hunt CD. Dietary boron: an overview of the evidence for its role in immune function. J Trace Elem Exp Med. 2003;16(4):291-306. [Crossref] 
  43. Demirer S, Kara MI, Erciyas K, Ozdemir H, Ozer H, Ay S. Effects of boric acid on experimental periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in rats. Arch Oral Biol. 2012;57(1):60-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  44. Durmaz R. [Glioblastoma multiforme]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Surg Med Sci. 2007;3(34):35-40.
  45. Altinoz MA, Topcu G, Elmaci I. Boron's neurophysicological effects and tumoricidal activity on glioblastoma cells with implications for clinical treatment. Int J Neurosci. 2019;129(10):963-77. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  46. Barth RF, Mi P, Yang W. Boron delivery agents for neutron capture therapy of cancer. Cancer Comm (London). 2018;38(1):35. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  47. Suziki M. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT): a unique role in radiotherapy with a view to entering the accelerator-based BNCT era. Int J Clin Oncol. 2019. doi: 10.1007/s10147-019-01480-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  48. Zhang X, Geng C, Tang X, Bortolussi S, Shu D, Gong C, et al. Assessment of long-term risks of secondary cancer in pediatric with brain tumor after boron neutron capture therapy. J Radiol Prot. 2019;39(3):838-53. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  49. Hideghéty K, Brunner S, Cheesman A, Szabó ER, Polanek R, Margarone D, et al. Boron delivery agents for boron proton capture enchanded proton therapy. Anticancer Res. 2019;39(5):2265-76. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  50. Kiger WS, Palmet MR, Riley KJ, Zamenhof RG, Busse PM. Pharmacokinetic modeling for boronophenylalenine-fructose mediated neutron capture therapy:10b concentration predictions and dosimetric cosequences. J Neurooncol. 2003;62(1-2):171-86. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  51. Harling OK, Riley KJ, Newton TH, Wilson BA, Bernard JA, Hu LW, et al. The fission converter-based epithermal neutron irradiation facility at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Reactor. Nuc Sci Eng. 2002;140(3):223-40. [Crossref] 
  52. Gonzales A, Peters U, Lampe JW, White E. Boron intake and prostate cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control. 2007;18(10):1131-40. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  53. Li X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Hanagata N, Wang X, Weng Q, et al. Hollow boron nitride nanospheres as boron reservoir for prostate cancer treatment. Nat Commun. 2017;8:13936. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  54. Barranco WT, Eckhert CD. Cellular changes in boric acid treated DU-145 prostate cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 2006;94(6):884-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  55. Cui Y, Winton MI, Zhang ZF, Rainey C, Marshall J, De Kernion JB, et al. Dietary boron intake and prostate cancer risk. Oncol Rep. 2004;11(4):887-92. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  56. Hastürk H. [Mocelular biology of lung cancer]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pulm Med-Special Topics. 2014;7(1):12-9.
  57. Mahabir S, Spitz MR, Barrera SL, Dong YQ, Eastham C, Forman MR. Dietary boron and hormone replacement therapy as risk factors for lung cancer in women. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167(9):1070-80. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  58. Trivillin VA, Serrano A, Garabalino MA, Colombo LL, Pozzi EC, Hughes AM, et al. Translational boron neuron capture therapy (BNCT) studies for the treatment of tumors in lung. Int J Radiat Biol. 2019;95(5):646-54. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  59. Simsek F, Inan S, Korkmaz M. An in-vitro study in which new boron derivates may be an option for breast cancer treatment. EJMO. 2019;3(1):22-7. [Crossref] 
  60. Scorei R, Ciubar R, Ciofrangeni CM, Mitran V, Cimpean A, Iordachescu D. Comparative effects of boric acid calcium fructoborate on breast cancer cells. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2008;122(3):197-205. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  61. Hermawan A, Susidarti RA, Ramadani RD, Qodria L, Utomo RY, Ishimura M, et al. Cellular uptake evaluation of pentamaboronon-0-(PGB-0) for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) against breast cancer cells. Invest New Drugs. 2019;37(6):1292-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  62. Aysan E, Idiz UO, Elmas LE, Saglam EK, Akgun Z, Yucel SB. Effects of boron-based gel on radiation-induced dermatitis in breast cancer: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Invest Surg. 2017;30(3):187-92. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  63. Kelly GS. Boron: a review of its nutritional internations and therapeatic uses. Alt Med Rev. 1997;2(1):48-56.
  64. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Toxicological Review of Boron and Compounds (CAS No. 7440-42-8). In Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). EPA 635/04/052. 2004. p.131. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/toxreviews/0410tr.pdf
  65. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies on a request from the commission related to the tolerable upper intake level of boron (sodium borate and boric acid). The EFSA Journal. 2004;80:1-22. [Crossref] 
  66. Reproductive and general toxicology of some inorganic borates and risk assessment for human beings. ECETOC Technical Report No. 63. Brussels, Belgium. 1995. http://passthrough.fw-notify.net/download/781544/http://www.ecetoc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/ECETOC-TR-063.pdf

.: Up To Date

Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com