Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Anesthesiology Reanimation

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Bupivakain ve Ropivakain İnfiltrasyonunun Adenotonsillektomi Sonrası Analjezi Üzerine Etkileri
The Effects of Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine Infiltration on the Postadenotonsillectomy Analgesia
Tümay UMUROĞLUa, Ayten SARAÇOĞLUa, Kemal Tolga SARAÇOĞLUa, E. Zeynep ETİa, F. Yılmaz GÖĞÜŞa
aAnesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon AD, Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, İstanbul
Turkiye Klinikleri J Anest Reanim. 2011;9(2):114-20
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Adenotonsillektomi sonrası ağrı tedavisinde sistemik analjeziklerin dozlarını ve yan etkilerini azaltmak amacıyla cerrahi girişim öncesi insizyon hattına lokal anestezik ajan infiltrasyonu uygulamasının postoperatif ağrıyı etkin olarak azalttığı henüz kanıtlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, adenotonsillektomi uygulanacak hastalarda operasyon öncesinde tonsil lojuna infiltre edilen bupivakain ve ropivakainin post-operatif analjezik etkinlik, ilk analjezik gereksinim zamanı ve yan etkiler üzerine etkilerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 5-15 yaş arasında, elektif adenotonsillektomi operasyonu geçirecek 45 hasta randomize olarak üç (n=15) gruba ayrıldı. Anestezi indüksiyonu 5mg/kg tiyopental sodyum ve kas gevşemesi 0,5 mg.kg-1 atraküryum bromür i.v. ile sağlandıktan sonra hastalar uygun çapta endotrakeal tüp ile entübe edildi. Anestezi idamesi %30 O2, %70 N2O ve %1 izofluran ile sağlandı. Cerrahi girişim öncesi her iki tonsil insizyon hattına 5'er cc %0,9 serum fizyolojik (Grup K), %0,25 bupivakain (Grup B), %0,375 ropivakain (Grup R) enjekte edildi. Peroperatif dönemde 5 dakika aralar ile hemodinamik parametreler kaydedildi. Postoperatif dönemde 1, 5, 10, 15, 30. dakikada, 1, 2, 4, 6. ve 12. saatte sayısal numaralandırma skalası veya fasiyal ağrı skorlaması ile ağrı şiddeti belirlendi; yan etkiler ve ilk analjezik gereksinim zamanları kaydedildi. Postoperatif analjezi; erken dönemde 1 mg.kg-1 meperidin i.v, daha sonra gerektiğinde 20 mg.kg-1 rektal-oral parasetamol ile sağlandı. Bulgular: Demografik veriler açısından gruplar benzerdi. Grupiçi karşılaştırmalarda; sayısal numaralandırma skalası değerleri grup B'de 5. dk.da ve grup K'da 5 ve 30. dk.da diğer değerlerden belirgin yüksek bulundu (p< 0,01). Grup R'de sayısal numaralandırma skalası değerleri arasında fark yoktu. Gruplar arasında sayısal numaralandırma skalası değerleri, postoperatif ilk analjezik gereksinim zamanı (Grup K: 8,1 ± 5,7 dk, Grup B: 5,1 ± 4,8 dk, Grup R: 6,9±6 dk) ve yan etkiler açısından istatistiksel farklılık bulunmadı. Sonuç: Adenotonsillektomi operasyonlarında insizyon öncesi tonsil lojuna enjekte edilen 5'er cc %0,25 bupivakain veya %0,375 ropivakainin postoperatif ağrı şiddetini ve analjezik gereksinimini azaltmadığı kanısına varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Anestezi, lokal; tonsillektomi; ağrı, postoperatif
ABSTRACT
Objective: It is not yet proven that local anesthetic infiltration of the incision line in order to minimize the doses and side effects of systemic analgesics, reduces pain after adenotonsillectomy. In this study, it is aimed to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy, first analgesic requirement time and side effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine infiltrated to tonsils' lodges preoperatively. Material and Methods: Forty-five patients aged between 5-15 years, undergoing adenotonsillectomy were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n=15). Anesthesia was induced by thiopenthal sodium 5 mg.kg-1 i.v., muscle relaxation was achieved by atracurium bromide 0.5 mg.kg-1 i.v. and patients were intubated endotracheally. Anesthesia was maintained with 1% isoflurane and 70% N2O in oxygen. Prior to surgical incision, tonsils' lodges were infiltrated with 0.9% serum physiologic (Group K), 0.25% bupivacaine (Group B) and 0.375% ropivacaine (Group R), all in 5 cc.. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded with 5 minutes intervals intraoperatively. Pain scores were evaluated with numeric rating scale or facial pain scale at the 1st, 5th, 10th 15th, 30th minutes, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 12th hours postoperatively; side effects and time to first analgesic were recorded. Postoperative analgesia was achieved by 1 mg.kg-1 meperidine i.v in the early period, afterwards 20 mg.kg-1 oral or rectal paracetamol when required. Results: Demographic data of the groups were similar. According to intergroup comparisons, numeric rating scale values were higher at 5th minutes in group B, at 5th and 30th minutes in group K when compared with other times (p<0.01). There were no difference in group R regarding numeric rating scale values. No statistical difference were found when postoperative numeric rating scale values, time to first meperidine requirement (Grup K: 8.1 ± 5.7 min, Grup B: 5.1 ± 4.8 min, Grup R: 6.9 ± 6 min) and first paracetamol requirement as well as e side effects were compared within groups. Conclusion: In patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy, injection of 5 cc 0.25% bupivacaine or 0.375% ropivacaine to the tonsils' lodges preoperatively does not reduce postoperative pain and analgesic requirement.

Keywords: Anesthesia, local; tonsillectomy; pain, postoperative

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