Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Cinsel İstismar Mağduru Çocuklar İçin Düzenlenen Bilirkişi Raporlarında Hukuka Uygunluk Yönünden Dikkat Edilecek Unsurlar: Kesitsel Araştırma
Factors to be Considered in Terms of Compliance with the Law in Expert Reports Prepared for Children Who are Victims of Sexual Abuse: Cross-Sectional Research
Osman BERTİZLİOĞLUa, Cemil ÇELİKb, Uğur ATAc
aNecip Fazıl Şehir Hastanesi, Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Kliniği, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye
bKahramanmaraş Adli Tıp Şube Müdürlüğü, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye
cHakkâri Adli Tıp Şube Müdürlüğü, Hakkâri, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2023;20(1):1-10
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2022-93399
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Cinsel istismar mağduru çocuklarla ilgili Yargıtaya taşınan ve bozulan kararların bozulma nedenleri adli psikiyatrik yönden incelenerek, bu alanda çocuklarda mağduriyetlere yol açan etkenlerin saptanması ve çözüm önerilerinin tartışılması amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Yargıtayın resmî internet sitesi olan 'https://karararama.yargitay.gov.tr/YargitayBilgiBankasiIstemciWeb/' aracılığıyla 'cinsel istismar, mağdur', 'çocuk psikiyatri', 'çocuk ve ergen ruh sağlığı','akıl hastalığı, cinsel istismar' ve 'çocuk, cinsel taciz' anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak ulaşılan kararlar tarandı. Yargıtayın 227 kararı içerisinde toplamda 270 bozma nedeni saptandı. Bulgular: Nitelikli cinsel istismar (n=143, %63) suçunun en sık dava konusu olduğu görüldü. En sık bozma gerekçesinin (n=93, %34,4) ruh sağlığının bozulup bozulmadığının değerlendirilmesi ile ilgili olduğu, ikinci sıklıkta bozma nedeninin (n=45; %16,7) düzenlenen raporların içerik itibari ile yetersiz bulunmasına bağlı olduğu saptandı. Zekâ yönünden, ruh sağlığı açısından ve istenen sorulara verilen cevaplar açısından raporlar arasında farklılıklar/çelişkiler bulunması, mağdur beyanları dışında bir delilin bulunmaması ve cinsel istismara yönelik suç tipinin hatalı sınıflandırılması gibi nedenlerin bozma gerekçeleri arasında yer aldığı gözlendi. Sonuç: Çocuğun cinsel dokunulmazlığına yönelik işlenen eylemlerin hukuki tanımlanmasında ortak dil birliğini sağlanması, alanda yaşanan zorlukların çözümüne katkı sağlayacaktır. İlk değerlendirmenin Çocuk İzlem Merkezlerinde yapılması, her çocuğun psikiyatrik takibe alınması, düzenlenen raporların gerekçeli, eksiksiz ve anlaşılır olması bu çocuklarda adli sürece bağlı mağduriyetleri ve travmatizasyonu azaltacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yargıtay; cinsel istismar; çocuk; adli rapor
ABSTRACT
Objective: By examining the contents of the cases brought to the Supreme Court regarding children who are victims of sexual abuse in terms of forensic psychiatry, it is aimed to determine the causes that lead to the victimization of children in this area and to discuss the solution proposals. Material and Methods: The decisions which were reached through 'https://karararama.yargitay.gov.tr/YargitayBilgiBankasiIstemciWeb/', the official website of the Supreme Court of Appeals, using the keywords 'sexual abuse, victim', 'child psychiatry', 'child and adolescent mental health', 'mental illness, sexual abuse' and 'child, sexual abuse' were scanned. Among the 227 Supreme Court reversal decisions, 270 reversal reasons were determined. Results: It was seen that the crime of qualified sexual abuse (n=143, 63%) was the most frequent subjects of lawsuits. It was determined that the most common reason for reversing (n=93, 34.4%) was related to assessment of whether mental health was impaired, and the second most common reason for reversing (n=45; 16.7%) was due to inadequate content of the reports. Reasons such as differences between the reports in terms of intelligence, mental health, and answers to the questions asked, lack of evidence other than the victim's statements and incorrect classification of the crime type for sexual abuse was observed among them. Conclusion: Ensuring a common language unity in defining the actions against sexual inviolability of children will contribute to the solution of difficulties experienced in the field. Making the first evaluation in child follow-up centres, keeping each child under psychiatric follow-up, and making the prepared reports justified, complete and comprehensible will reduce the victimization and traumatization of these children due to the judicial process.

Keywords: Supreme court; sexual abuse; child; forensic report
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