Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Çocuk Parklarında Karşılaşılan Kazalar, Nedenleri ve Çözüm Önerileri
Accidents Encountered in Playgrounds, the Causes and Solutions
Sevda YÜKSELa, Nurcan KOÇAKa
aÇocuk Gelişimi Bölümü, Turgut Özal Üniversitesi Ankara Sağlık Yüksekokulu, Ankara
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2016;1(3):184-93
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2016-51534
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Çocuk parklarında yaşanan kazaları, kazalar sonrası yapılan uygulamaları, karşılaşılan kazaların nedenlerini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tarama modelinde yürütülen bu çalışmada veriler Ankara il merkezindeki Çankaya, Keçiören ve Yenimahalle ilçelerinde 88 çocuk parkına çocukları getiren 200 erişkin ile bire bir görüşülerek toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma grubunun %90'ını kadınlar oluşturmaktadır (%71 anneler). Araştırmaya katılan yetişkinlerin %65,5?i kendi çocuklarında kaza yaşadıklarını, %97'si başka çocukların kazalarına şahit olduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Kendi çocuklarında yaşadıkları kazaların %39,3'ünün salıncakta, %29,3'ünün kaydırakta, %5,7'sinin tahterevalli gibi parkta bulunan oyun materyallerinde gerçekleştiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Kazaların %24,5'i ise oyun materyalleri dışında gerçekleşmiştir. Parkta diğer çocukların yaşadıkları kazalar ile erişkinlerin kendi çocuklarının karşılaştğı kazalar benzerlik göstermektedir. Erişkinler kaza ile karşılaştıklarında önce korkup paniklediklerini (%17), sonra çocuğun yanına gidip bir şey olup olmadığını kontrol ettiklerini (%14,5), daha sonra ağlayan çocuklarını sakinleştirdiklerini (%11) ve hastaneye/sağlık kuruluşuna götürdüklerini (%16) belirtmişlerdir. Kazaların en önemli nedenleri görülme sıklığına göre; materyalleri yanlış kullanım, çocuk/anne dikkatsizliği, materyallerin konumlandırma hatası, parkın caddeye/yola yakın olması, zemin kaplamasının uygunsuzluğu, materyallerde yapım hatası ve bakımın yapılmamış olması yetişinkinin ilgisizliği, çocukların aceleciliği ve olumsuz davranışları olarak sıralanabilir. Sonuç: Çocuklar için güvenli bir çevre oluşturulması kaza/yaralanma kontrolünde en etkin yaklaşımdır. Öncelikle çocuk parklarında oyun materyallerinin niteliğine ve konumlandırmasına dikkat edilmesi ve çocukların yaş ve fizyolojik gelişimlerine uygun materyallerle oynamaları kazaları azaltacaktır. Ayrıca parka çocuklarını getiren erişkinler dikkatli ve ilgili olmalıdır. Amaç, kazaların olmadan önce önlenmesidir. Ancak, karşılaşılan kaza durumlarında erişkinlerin çocukların fizyolojik gelişimleri ve ilk-yardım konusunda bilgi ve beceriye sahip olmaları kazanın çocukta oluşturacağı zararları azaltacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kazara düşüşler; uyum, fizyolojik; yaralanmalar; oyunlar, deneysel
ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of the present study is to determine the accidents happening in these places, the causes of these accidents and applications made after these accidents. The accident occurred in the playground. Material and Methods: The data in the present study is gathered via one to one interviews with 200 adults taking their children in Ankara (taking their children to 88 playgrounds in central districts called Çankaya, Keçiören and Yenimahalle). Resullts: The 90% of the study group is women (71% mothers). The 65.5% of adults participated in the study had experienced accidents in their own children and 97.0% of them reported that they have witnessed the accident while happening to other children. They reported that 39.3% of these accidents happened on a swing, 29.3% on a slide and 5.7% of them on a seesaw. 24.5% of the accidents are accidents that occur outside the play materials. The accidents occurring in the playgrounds are similar considering the accidents that adults had with their own children and the ones that happened to other?s children and they just witnessed. Adults stated that respectively that; when their children had the accident first they had a panic (17%), then went to their children and asked if they were ok (14.5%), after that they calmed down their children who were crying (11%), and took them to hospital (16%). The most important causes of accidents in terms of their frequency can be listed as follows; the misuse of the materials, child/mother negligence, the positioning error of the materials, the location of the playground being close to the street, non-compliance of the flooring, production error in materials and not taking good care of them, adult?s negligence and children being in hurry and their disrespectful behaviors. Conclusion: Creating a safe environment for children is the most effective approach to prevent accidents/ injuries. First, paying attention while positioning the materials and taking their quality into consideration and choosing the ones that are appropriate to child's age and physiological development will reduce accidents in the playgrounds. In addition, adults bringing their children to the playgrounds should be very careful and watch their children. The aim is to prevent accidents so that they won?t happen. However, when these accidents happen, adult?s knowledge and skills about both their children?s physiological development and first aid will reduce the damages of these accidents.

Keywords: Accidental falls; adaptation, physiological; injuries; games, experimental

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