Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: REVIEW
COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminde Diş Hekimliği Hizmetleri ve Eğitimi: Geleneksel Derleme
Dentistry and Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Traditional Review
Özen Doğan ONURa, Ecem PAMUKa, Berkem ATALAYb
aİstanbul Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Ağız Diş Çene Cerrahisi ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
bİstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu, Ağız Diş Sağlığı Programı, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2021;27(4):682-96
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2020-79751
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 2019 yılının Aralık ayında, ilk kez Çin'de rapor edilen şiddetli akut solunum sendromu-koronavirüs-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)] veya diğer adıyla koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] virüsü, tüm dünya genelinde pandemi ilan edilmesine sebep olmuştur. Aradan birkaç ay geçtikten sonra COVID-19 enfeksiyonları, ülkemizde de görülmeye başlamıştır. Oldukça yüksek seviyelerde bulaşıcılığı olan bu enfeksiyona karşı yeterli klinik tecrübenin olmaması, ilk zamanlarda hastalığın tedavi sürecinin yönetilmesini güçleştirmiştir. İlerleyen zamanda tecrübeler arttıkça, yeni tedavi algoritmaları belirlenmiş ve uygulamaya alınmıştır. Ayrıca COVID-19 aşı çalışmalarının genişliği ve bugüne kadar görülmemiş büyüklükteki yatırımlar, yakın vadede başarılı sonuca ulaşılabileceğine işaret etmektedir. SARS-CoV-2 virüsü ve pandemi süreciyle ilgili bilgi, yönerge, süreç yönetimi gibi verilerin her geçen gün arttığı ve ulaşılabilir kılındığı bu zamanda, karşılaşılan problemler ve çözümleri hakkında güncel kalınması oldukça önemlidir. Diş hekimlerinin, hastalarla yüz yüze ve yakın mesafeden çalışması, kan, tükürük ve diğer vücut sıvılarıyla sık temas ihtimalî SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyon riskini yükseltmektedir. Hâlâ devam eden bu pandemi sürecinde diş hekimlerinin, hasta hizmetleri ve diş hekimliği eğitimleri önemli seviyede etkilenmiştir. Eğitimde, tüm dünya yepyeni bir döneme geçmiş bulunmaktadır. Oral simülasyon laboratuarlarının, diş hekimliğinin tüm disiplinlerinde kullanılmak üzere geliştirilmesi, eğitimde yaygınlığının artırılması, geçiş döneminde önemli bir eğitim aracı olarak katkı sunacaktır. Bu yazı, hayatı durdurmamak, hastalıktan korunabilmek için ağız diş sağlığı hizmetlerinin ve lisans-lisansüstü eğitimlerin güvenli şartlarda devam edebilmesine rehber olması amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; pandemik; diş hekimliği
ABSTRACT
 The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)], or coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) virus, which was first reported in China in December 2019, caused a pandemic worldwide. After a few months, COVID-19 infections have started to appear in our country. Lack of clinical experience against this highly contagious infection made it difficult to manage the treatment process in the early days. As the experience increased, new treatment algorithms were determined and implemented. In addition, the breadth of COVID-19 vaccine studies and unprecedented investments indicate that successful results can be achieved in the near term. It is very important to stay up-to-date about the problems encountered and their solutions in this time when data such as information, instructions, process management about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the pandemic process are increasing day by day and made available. Dentists work face-to-face and close distance with patients and the possibility of frequent contact with blood, saliva and other body fluids increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. During this ongoing pandemic process, dentists' patient services and dental education have been significantly affected. The whole world has entered a brand new era in education. Developing oral simulation laboratories for use in all disciplines of dentistry and increasing their prevalence in education will contribute as an important training tool in the transition period. This article has been prepared to guide oral and dental health services and undergraduate-graduate education to continue in safe conditions in order not to stop life and to be protected from disease.

Keywords: COVID-19; pandemics; dentistry
REFERENCES:
  1. Margallo LN, Diaz M, Lim PP. 2019 novel coronavirus pandemic: what do we know? S D Med. 2020;73(6):262-4. [PubMed] 
  2. Ak Ö, Küresel kâbus-soğuk algınlığından küresel salgına. Coronavirüs ve COVID-19. Tübitak Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi. 2020. [Link] 
  3. Zhou Y, Yang Y, Huang J, Jiang S, Du L. Advances in MERS-CoV vaccines and therapeutics based on the receptor-binding domain. Viruses. 2019;14;11(1):60. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  4. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu) genel bilgiler, epidemioloji ve tanı. Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu Çalışması. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2020. [Link] 
  5. Morens DM, Folkers GK, Fauci AS. What is a pandemic? J Infect Dis. 2009;1;200(7):1018-21. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. World Health Organization [İnternet]. © 2020 WHO. [Erişim tarihi: 27.04.2020]. WHO Timeline-COVID-19. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  7. Yin Y, Wunderink RG. MERS, SARS and other coronaviruses as causes of pneumonia. Respirology. 2018;23(2):130-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  8. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579:270-3. [Link] 
  9. Giovanetti M, Benvenuto D, Angeletti S, Ciccozzi M. The first two cases of 2019-nCoV in Italy: where they come from? J Med Virol. 2020;92(5):518-21. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  10. Liu Z, Xiao X, Wei X, Li J, Yang J, Tan H, et al. Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol. 2020;92(6):595-601. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. Guo YR, Cao QD, Hong ZS, Tan YY, Chen SD, Jin HJ, et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak - an update on the status. Mil Med Res. 2020;13;7(1):11. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  12. Jin YH, Cai L, Cheng ZS, Cheng H, Deng T, Fan YP, et al; for the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Novel Coronavirus Management and Research Team, Evidence-Based Medicine Chapter of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM). A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version). Mil Med Res. 2020;6;7(1):4. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  13. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1708-20. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  14. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;15;395(10223):497-506.Erratum in: Lancet. 2020;30 [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  15. Erin Bromage [İnternet]. ©2020 by Erin Bromage. [Erişim tarihi: 06.05.2020]. The risks - know them - avoid them. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  16. Atkinson J, Chartier Y, Pessoa-Silva CL, Jensen P, Li Y, Seto WH, editors. Natural Ventilation for Infection Control in Health-Care Settings. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009. [PubMed] 
  17. Tang JW, Li Y, Eames I, Chan PK, Ridgway GL. Factors involved in the aerosol transmission of infection and control of ventilation in healthcare premises. J Hosp Infect. 2006;64(2):100-14. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  18. Stadnytskyi V, Bax CE, Bax A, Anfinrud P. The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;2;117(22):11875-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  19. Asadi S, Wexler AS, Cappa CD, Barreda S, Bouvier NM, Ristenpart WD. Aerosol emission and superemission during human speech increase with voice loudness. Sci Rep. 2019;20;9(1):2348. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  20. Blocken B, Malizia F, van Druenen T, Marchal T. Towards aerodynamically equivalent COVID-19 1.5 m social distancing for walking and running. [Link] 
  21. Aboubakr HA, Sharafeldin TA, Goyal SM. Stability of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses in the environment and on common touch surfaces and the influence of climatic conditions: a review. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2020;00:1-17. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. Chin AW, Chu JT, Perera MR, Hui KP, Yen HL, Chan MC, et al. Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions. The Lancet Microbe. 2020;1(1):E10. [Crossref] 
  23. van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, et al. Aerosol and surface stability of HCoV-19 (SARS-CoV2) compared to SARS-CoV-1. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382:1564-7. [Crossref] 
  24. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu) temaslı takibi, salgın yönetimi, evde hasta izlemi ve filyasyon. Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu Çalışması. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2021. [Link] 
  25. Zhao J, Yuan Q, Wang H, Liu W, Liao X, Su Y, et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;19;71(16):2027-34. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  26. Bachelet VC. [Do we know the diagnostic properties of the tests used in COVID-19? A rapid review of recently published literature]. Medwave. 2020;28;20(3):e7890. [PubMed] 
  27. Mullard A. COVID-19 vaccine development pipeline gears up. Lancet. 2020;6;395(10239):1751-2. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  28. U.S. Food & Drug Administration [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2020]. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA takes action to help facilitate timely development of safe, effective COVID-19 vaccines. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  29. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccines and Immunizations. [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 13.08.2020]. Vaccine testing and approval process. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  30. World Health Organization [İnternet]. © 2020WHO. [Erişim tarihi: 13.08.2020]. Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  31. McKinsey&Company [İnternet]. © 1996-2020 McKinsey & Company. [Erişim tarihi: 29.07.2020]. On pins and needles: Will COVID-19 vaccines 'save the world'? Erişim linki: [Link] 
  32. Perlman S. Another decade, another coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2020;20;382(8):760-2. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  33. LiveScience [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 06.04.2020]. Moshiri N. Coronavirus seems to mutate much slower than seasonal flu. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  34. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 20.05.2020]. Supplemental appropriations bolster NIAID's COVID-19 response. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  35. DW [İnternet]. © 2020 Deutsche Wellw. [Erişim tarihi: 11.05.2020]. Germany to spend ?750 million on coronavirus vaccine. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  36. Milken Institute [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 26.03.2020]. COVID-19 Treatment and vaccine tracker. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  37. Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;3;12(1):9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  38. Kampf G, Todt D, Pfaender S, Steinmann E. Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents. J Hosp Infect. 2020;104(3):246-51. Erratum in: J Hosp Infect. 2020;17. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  39. Chen J. Pathogenicity and transmissibility of 2019-nCoV-A quick overview and comparison with other emerging viruses. Microbes Infect. 2020;22(2):69-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  40. Cleveland JL, Gray SK, Harte JA, Robison VA, Moorman AC, Gooch BF. Transmission of blood-borne pathogens in US dental health care settings: 2016 update. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016;147(9):729-38. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  41. Harrel SK, Molinari J. Aerosols and splatter in dentistry: a brief review of the literature and infection control implications. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004;135(4):429-37. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  42. Liu L, Wei Q, Alvarez X, Wang H, Du Y, Zhu H, et al. Epithelial cells lining salivary gland ducts are early target cells of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the upper respiratory tracts of rhesus macaques. J Virol. 2011;85(8):4025-30. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  43. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Summary of Infection Prevention Practices in Dental Settings: Basic Expectations for Safe Care. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2016. [Link] 
  44. Topcuoglu N. COVID-19 pandemi döneminde diş hekimliği uygulamaları. [Dental practices during COVID-19 pandemic]. Sağlık Bilimlerinde İleri Araştırmalar Dergisi 2020; 3(Suppl.1):S78-S87. [Link] 
  45. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 21.04.2020]. COVID-19 Diş Hekimliği Uygulamalarındaki Acil ve Zorunlu Hizmetler. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  46. Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, Liang L, Huang H, Hong Z, et al. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2020;19;382(12):1177-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  47. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı [İnternet]. ©2020 T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. [Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2020]. Temaslı takibi, salgın yönetimi, evde hasta izlemi ve filyasyon. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  48. The New York Times [İnternet]. © 2020 The New York Times Company. [Erişim tarihi: 15.03.2020]. Gamio L. The workers who face the greatest coronavirus risk. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  49. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Kamu Hastaneleri Genel Müdürlüğü [İnternet]. ©2020 T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. [Erişim tarihi: 16.04.2020]. COVID-19 salgını sırasında uyulması gereken dental işlemler prosedürü. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  50. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı [İnternet]. ©2020 T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. [Erişim tarihi: 09.04.2020]. COVID-19 teması olan sağlık çalışanlarının değerlendirilmesi. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  51. Türk Dişhekimleri Birliği [İnternet]. © 2020 Türk Dişhekimleri Birliği. [Erişim tarihi: 28.04.2020]. COVID-19 pandemi döneminde acil diş tedavisi uygulamaları ve onam formu. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  52. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for infection control in dental health-care settings-2003. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52(No.RR-17):1-66. [Link] 
  53. Türk Dişhekimleri Birliği [İnternet]. © 2020 Türk Dişhekimleri Birliği. [Erişim tarihi: 01.04.2020]. Dişhekimliğinde maske, koruyucu gözlük ve yüz siperliği. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  54. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 17.03.2020]. Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  55. Public Health Agency of Canada [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 18.03.2020]. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): for health professionals. Erişim tarihi: [Link] 
  56. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL). [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 17.03.2020]. Respirator trusted source information. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  57. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 28.06.2020]. Strategies for optimizing the supply of N95 respirators. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  58. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. [İnternet]. © European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)2020. Guidance for wearing and removing personal protective equipment in healthcare settings for the care of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. (Erişim tarihi: 24.04.2020). Erişim linki: [Link] 
  59. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı [İnternet]. Ayaktan başvuran hastalar için olası COVID-19 vaka sorgulama kılavuzu. (Erişim tarihi: 24.04.2020) Erişim linki: [Link] 
  60. Marui VC, Souto MLS, Rovai ES, Romito GA, Chambrone L, Pannuti CM. Efficacy of preprocedural mouthrinses in the reduction of microorganisms in aerosol: a systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2019;150(12):1015-26.e1. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  61. Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): emerging and future challenges for dental and oral medicine. J Dent Res. 2020;99(5):481-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  62. Vandenberghe B, Jacobs R, Bosmans H. Modern dental imaging: a review of the current technology and clinical applications in dental practice. Eur Radiol. 2010;20(11):2637-55. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  63. Li RW, Leung KW, Sun FC, Samaranayake LP. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the GDP. Part II: implications for GDPs. Br Dent J. 2004;14;197(3):130-4.. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  64. Türk Dişhekimleri Birliği Bilim Kurulu. COVID-19 salgını döneminde dişhekimliğinde acil durum ve acil servis ihtiyacı için durum yönetimi rehberi. [Link] 
  65. Zimmermann M, Nkenke E. Approaches to the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 pandemic. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2020;48(5):521-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  66. Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Day P, Heithersay G, Trope M, Diangelis AJ, et al; International Association of Dental Traumatology. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28(2):88-96. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  67. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı [İnternet]. ©2020 T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. [Erişim tarihi: 24.07.2020]. Sağlık kurumlarında çalışma rehberi ve enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  68. Kırmızıgül HG. COVID-19 Salgını ve beraberinde getirdiği eğitim süreci. [The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting education process]. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics. 2020;7(5):283-9. [Link] 
  69. T.C. İstanbul Üniversitesi [İnternet]. © 2020 İstanbul Üniversitesi. COVID-19 bilgilendirme sayfası. (Erişim tarihi: 24.04.2020) Erişim linki: [Link] 
  70. T.C. İstanbul Üniversitesi [İnternet]. © 2020 İstanbul Üniversitesi. öğrenciler için canlı ders sistemi kullanım kılavuzu.(Erişim tarihi: 24.04.2020) Erişim linki: [Link] 
  71. Iyer P, Aziz K, Ojcius DM. Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States. J Dent Educ. 2020;84(6):718-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  72. Nkenke E, Vairaktaris E, Bauersachs A, Eitner S, Budach A, Knipfer C, et al. Spaced education activates students in a theoretical radiological science course: a pilot study. BMC Medical Education 2012;12:32. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  73. Knipfer C, Wagner F, Knipfer K, Millesi G, Acero J, Hueto JA, et al. Learners' acceptance of a webinar for continuing medical education. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;48(6):841-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  74. Wagner F, Knipfer C, Holzinger D, Ploder O, Nkenke E. Webinars for continuing education in oral and maxillofacial surgery: The Austrian experience. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2019;47(4):537-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  75. Merchant RM, Lurie N. Social media and emergency preparedness in response to novel coronavirus. JAMA. 2020;26;323(20):2011-2. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com