Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Düşme Öyküsü Olan Yaşlıların Ev Ortamlarının ve Düşme Risklerinin İncelenmesi
The Investigation of Home Environment and Falling Risk in Elderly Fallen Before
Hatice Selin IRMAKa,b, Tuğba KARAASLANa,c, Nilay ARMANa,d, Ela TARAKCIa,c, Ahmet AKGÜLa,b
aİstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, İstanbul Geronteknoloji Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi (İst-GETAM),
bGerontoloji Bölümü,
cFizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü, Nörolojik Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon AD,
dFizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü, Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon AD, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2019;4(1):7-15
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2018-61811
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: En az bir düşme öyküsü olan 65 yaş ve üzerindeki yaşlı bireylerde meydana gelen düşmelerde sosyodemografik özelliklerin ve ev ortamı özelliklerinin düşme riskine etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada en az bir düşme öyküsü olan, 65 yaş ve üzerinde 561 yaşlı birey kendi ev ortamında değerlendirmeye alındı. Veriler sosyodemografik veri formu ve İtaki Düşme Riski Ölçeği kullanılarak toplandı. İtaki Düşme Ölçeği; düşmelere neden olabilecek 11 minör, 8 majör olmak üzere toplam 19 risk faktörünü değerlendirmektedir. Verilerin analizi "SPSS 22,0 for Windows" programı aracılığı ile yapıldı. Yaşlıların sosyodemografik özellikleri ve ev ortamı özelliklerine göre düşme riski Independent-Samples t testi ve One Way Anova ile analiz edildi. Analizlerde istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 kabul edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan yaşlıların yaş ortalaması 74,9 yıl olup, %54 (65-74 yaş)'ü genç yaşlı, %32,1 (75-84 yaş)'i orta yaşlı, %13,9 (85 yaş ve üzeri)'u ileri yaşlı idi. Yaşlı bireylerin %70,1'i kadın, %29,9'u erkek idi. Çalışmaya katılan yaşlıların %28,2'si son 1 ay içerisinde düşme öyküsü bildirdi. Yaşlıların %64,0'ı evde, %31,2'si sokakta düştüğünü ifade etti. Bu yaşlıların %57,6'sı düşme sonrasında yaralanmaya maruz kaldığını bildirdi. Yaşlıların sosyodemografik özelliklerine göre kadın olma, ileri yaşlı olma, eğitim düzeyinin düşük olması, en az bir kronik hastalığa sahip olma ve dörtten fazla ilaç kullanımı düşme riskini arttırmakta idi. Yaşlıların ev ortamı özelliklerine göre zeminlerin kaygan olması, ev ve oda ışıklandırmanın yeterli olmaması, yürüme alanında fiziksel engeller bulunması, yatağında düşmeyi önleyici korkuluklar bulunmaması düşme riskini artırmakta idi. Sonuç: Yaşlı bireylerin yaşam alanları düşme riski oluşturabilecek faktörler açısından değerlendirilmeli ve yaşam ortamlarında gerekli çevresel düzenlemeler yapılarak yaşlılar için güvenli yaşam ortamları oluşturulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaşlı; düşme; düşme riski; çevresel faktörler; ev ortamı
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The objective of the study was to demonstrate the effect of sociodemographic characteristics and home environment characteristics on the risk of falling in the elderly aged 65 years and older who had at least one falling story. Material and Methods: Elderly aged 65 and over who had at least one falling story were evaluated in their own home environment in the study. The data were collected using the sociodemographic data form and the Itaki Fall Risk Scale. Itaki Fall Risk Scale, 19 risk factors, including 11 minor and 8 major, which may cause falls. The data was analyzed with the "SPSS 22.0 for Windows" program. According to the sociodemographic characteristics and home environment characteristics, the falling risks of the elderly were analyzed with the Independent-Samples t test and One Way Anova. A statistical significance level was considered p<0.05 in the analyzes. Results: The mean age of the elderly was 74.9 years, 54% (65-74 years) were young old, 32.1% (75-84 years) were middle old and 13.9% (85 years and over) were very old. 70.1% of the elderly were female and 29.9% were male. 28.2% of the elderly who participated in the study reported a falling story in the last 1 month. 64.0% of the elderly people fell at home and 31.2% in the streets. 57.6% of these elderly people reported to have injury after falling. According to the socio-demographic characteristics of the elderly, being female, being very old, having low level of education, having at least 1 chronic illness and using more than 4 drugs increased the risk of falling. According to the characteristics of the home environment of the elderly slippery floor surfaces, poor lighting in home and room, the presence of physical obstacles in walking area, absence of preventive guardrails in the bed increased the risk of falling. Conclusion: Elderly people's living area should be assessed in terms of factors that may create a risk of falling and safe living environments for the elderly should be established by making necessary environmental regulations in their living environments.

Keywords: Elderly; falling; falling risk; environmental features; home environment
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