Turkiye Klinikleri Cardiovascular Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Effect of Aortic Valve Replacement, for Aortic Stenosis, on Concomitant Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Mitral Kapak Regürjitasyonunda Aort Stenozu İçin Aortik Kapak Replasmanının Etkisi
Hadi Abo ALJADAYELa, Hussein ALKANJb
Departments of
aSurgery,
bCardiovascular Surgery University of Aleppo Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo, Syria
Turkiye Klinikleri J Cardiovasc Sci. 2015;27(1):22-7
doi: 10.5336/cardiosci.2014-42157
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
Objective: Mild-to-moderate mitral regurgitation (MR) often coexists with severe aortic stenosis and has been reported to be presented in up to 2/3 patients requiring aortic valve replacement (AVR). MR in patients with aortic stenosis is often functional in nature although organic mitral disease may coexist. Increased afterload and left ventricular remodeling have been implicated to explain the functional MR in patients with aortic valve stenosis. Furthermore, remodeling observed after AVR may impact the outcome of MR postoperatively. However, the clinical outcome of persistent MR after AVR is uninvestigated. On the other hand, concomitant replacement of the aortic and mitral valves is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality compared to an isolated AVR. This study aims to assess the change in MR severity following AVR for severe AS and to determine the factors associated with the MR improvement. Material and Methods: The clinical and surgical characteristics were compared in a cohort of 149 consecutive patients who underwent isolated AVR in Aleppo University Hospital for cardiac surgery. Results: Non-severe functional mitral valve regurgitation was detected prior to surgery in 25.5% of the patients. These patients were older (p = 0.007), more often had ventricular dysfunction (p = 0.02) and pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.04), and had been admitted more frequently for heart failure (0.008), with fewer of them conserving sinus rhythm (p = 0.003). In addition, the pre-surgery existence of MR was associated with greater morbidity and mortality (5.2% vs. 3.7%; p = 0.025). The MR disappeared or improved prior to hospital discharge in 56.2% and 15.6%, respectively. Independent factors predicting this improvement were the presence of coronary lesions (OR 3.74, p = 0.03), and the absence of diabetes (OR 0.28, p = 0.005) as well as pulmonary hypertension (OR 0.34, p = 0.01). Conclusion: In this study, MR decreased or disappeared in a high percentage of patients after AVR surgery. Independent factors predicting this improvement included the presence of prior coronary lesions, although the improvement is influenced by the diabetic status of the patient, as well as pulmonary hypertension.

Keywords: Cardiac valve annuloplasty; cardiomegaly; cardiac resynchronization therapy; vascular stiffness; venous valves; thoracic surgery
ÖZET
Amaç: Hafiften ılımlıya mitral regürjitasyonda (MR) genellikle şiddetli aort stenozu (AS) birlikte bulunur ve başvuran hastaların 2/3'ünden fazlasında aort kapağı replasmanı (AVR) gerektiği bildirilmiştir. Aort stenozlu MR olguları sıklıkla işlevsel yapıda olmalarına rağmen, organik mitral kapak hastalığı eş zamanlı bulunabilir. Aortik kapak stenozlu fonksiyonel MR hastalarında artmış ard yük ve sol ventrikülün yeniden şekillenmesi söz konusudur. Hatta, AVR sonrası gözlenen bu yeniden şekillenme, postop MR sürecini etkileyebilir. Bununla birlikte AVR sonrası inatçı MR'ın klinik seyri, sonlanımı incelenmemiştir. Diğer taraftan, aortik ve mitral kapakların eş zamanlı replasmanının yol açacağı morbidite ve mortalite, izole AVR'ye göre daha yüksek olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada amacımız, şiddetli AS nedeniyle AVR sonrası MR şiddetindeki değişiklikleri araştırmak ve MR düzelmesiyle ilişkili faktörleri belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Aleppo Üniversitesi Hastanesi Kardiyak Cerrahi bölümünde izole AVR yapılan ardışık 149 hasta populasyonunda elde edilen klinik ve cerrahi özellikler karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların %25,5'inde cerrahiden önce, şiddetli olmayan fonksiyonel mitral kapak geri kaçışı saptanmıştır. Bu hastalar daha yaşlı (p=0,007), ventriküler fonksiyonları daha kötü (p=0,02) ve pulmoner yönden daha hipertansif (p=0,04) idiler, üstelik kalp yetmezliği bunlarda daha sık (0,008) idi, birkaçında sinüs ritmi mevcuttu (p=0,003). Ek olarak, operasyon öncesi MR varlığı daha fazla morbidite ve mortalite ile ilişkili idi (%3,7'ye karşı %5,2, p=0,025). Hastaların %56,2'sinde MR kayboldu, %15,6'sında ise taburcu öncesi düzelme oldu. Bu düzelmenin öngördürücü bağımsız faktörleri koroner lezyonların varlığı (OR 3,74, p=0,03), diyabet yokluğu (OR 0,28, p=0,005) ve pulmoner hipertansiyon yokluğu (OR 0,34, p=0,01) idi. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, AVR cerrahisi sonrası hastaların çoğunda MR azalmış ya da kaybolmuştur. Bunun öngördürücü bağımsız faktörleri, pulmoner hipertansiyonda olduğu gibi, hastanın diyabetik durumunu etkileyen eski koroner lezyonların varlığıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kardiyak kapak annuloplasti; kardiyomegali; kardiyak resenkronizasyon tedavisi; damar sertliği; venöz kapaklar; göğüs cerrahisi

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