Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Effects of Whitening Toothpastes on Microhardness and Surface Roughness of Composite Resins: An In Vitro Study
Beyazlatıcı Diş Macunlarının Kompozit Rezinlerin Mikrosertliğine ve Yüzey Pürüzlülüğüne Etkisi: Bir İn Vitro Çalışma
Pınar NAİBOĞLUa, Tuğba KOŞARb
aDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Giresun University Faculty of Dentistry, Giresun, Türkiye
bDepartment of Endodontics, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Dentistry, Trabzon, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2023;29(1):187-95
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-93446
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of different types of whitening toothpastes on the microhardness and surface roughness of composite resins. Material and Methods: 120 discshaped samples each of Clearfil Majesty Esthetic and Gradia Direct Anterior composite resins were randomly assigned to 4 groups, based on the toothpaste used [three whitening toothpastes: Signal White Now (SWN), Colgate Optic White (COW), Ipana 3D White Luxe (IWL), and one non-whitening toothpaste: Sensodyne Promine (SP)]. The samples were brushed using an electrical toothbrush for 4 minutes. Before and after toothbrushing surface roughness (n=15) and Vickers microhardness (n=15) values were measured and the topography of the composite resins was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni correction (p˂0.05). Results: The surface roughness was significantly affected by the toothpastes (p=0.013) and there was a significant interaction between toothpastes and composite resins (p˂0.001). The surface roughness of composite resins significantly increased after toothbrushing with all toothpastes. SWN and IWL showed significantly higher surface roughness values than SP (p=0.024 and p=0.028, respectively). There was a significant increase in the microhardness values for Gradia Direct Anterior after toothbrushing with SWN, IWL and SP (p=0.003, p˂0.001 and p=0.029, respectively). Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that all toothpastes increased the surface roughness values of Clearfil Majesty Esthetic and Gradia Direct Anterior, and all toothpastes (except COW) increased the microhardness values of Gradia Direct Anterior. Clinicians should notify patients of the abrasive capacity of all toothpastes, especially those that are whitening.

Keywords: Composite dental resin; toothbrushing; toothpaste; surface properties
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmada, farklı türde beyazlatıcı diş macunlarının kompozit rezinlerin mikrosertliği ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Clearfil Majesty Esthetic ve Gradia Direct Anterior kompozit rezinlerinin her birinden elde edilen disk şeklinde 120 adet örnek, kullanılan diş macununa göre rastgele 4 gruba ayrıldı [3 beyazlatıcı diş macunu: Signal White Now (SWN), Colgate Optic White (COW), Ipana 3D White Luxe (IWL) ve bir beyazlatıcı olmayan diş macunu: Sensodyne Promine (SP)]. Örnekler 4 dk boyunca elektrikli diş fırçası kullanılarak fırçalandı. Fırçalamadan önce ve sonra örneklerin yüzey pürüzlülük (n=15) ve Vickers mikrosertlik (n=15) değerleri ölçüldü ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu kullanılarak kompozit rezinlerin yüzey topografyası gözlemlendi. Veriler tekrarlı ölçümlerde varyans analizi ve Bonferroni düzeltmesi kullanılarak analiz edildi (p˂0,05). Bulgular: Örneklerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü diş macunlarından anlamlı şekilde etkilendi (p=0,013), diş macunları ve kompozit rezinler arasında anlamlı bir etkileşim gözlendi (p˂0,001). Kompozit rezinlerin yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri, tüm diş macunları ile fırçalamadan sonra anlamlı olarak arttı. SWN ve IWL, SP'den daha fazla yüzey pürüzlülüğüne neden oldu (p=0,024 ve p=0,028, sırasıyla). Gradia Direct Anteriorun mikrosertlik değerlerinde SWN, IWL ve SP ile fırçalandıktan sonra anlamlı bir artış belirlendi (p=0,003, p˂0,001 ve p=0,029, sırasıyla). Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, tüm diş macunlarının Clearfil Majesty Esthetic ve Gradia Direct Anteriorun yüzey pürüzlülüğünü ve COW hariç diğer tüm diş macunlarının Gradia Direct Anteriorun mikrosertlik değerlerini artırdığı belirlendi. Klinisyenler, özellikle beyazlatıcı diş macunları olmak üzere tüm diş macunlarının abraziv kapasiteleri konusunda hastaları bilgilendirmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kompozit dental rezin; diş fırçalama; diş macunu; yüzey özellikleri
REFERENCES:
  1. Casado BGS, Moraes SLD, Souza GFM, Guerra CMF, Souto-Maior JR, Lemos CAA, et al. Efficacy of dental bleaching with whitening dentifrices: a systematic review. Int J Dent. 2018;2018:7868531. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  2. Devila A, Lasta R, Zanella L, Agnol MD, Rodrigues-Junior SA. Efficacy and adverse effects of whitening dentifrices compared with other products: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oper Dent. 2020;45(2):E77-E90. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. Demarco FF, Meireles SS, Masotti AS. Over-the-counter whitening agents: a concise review. Braz Oral Res. 2009;23 Suppl 1:64-70. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Joiner A. Whitening toothpastes: a review of the literature. J Dent. 2010;38 Suppl 2:e17-24. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Joiner A, Philpotts CJ, Alonso C, Ashcroft AT, Sygrove NJ. A novel optical approach to achieving tooth whitening. J Dent. 2008;36 Suppl 1:S8-14. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Epple M, Meyer F, Enax J. A critical review of modern concepts for teeth whitening. Dent J (Basel). 2019;7(3):79. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  7. Furuse AY, Gordon K, Rodrigues FP, Silikas N, Watts DC. Colour-stability and gloss-retention of silorane and dimethacrylate composites with accelerated aging. J Dent. 2008;36(11):945-52. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Jin J, Takahashi R, Hickel R, Kunzelmann KH. Surface properties of universal and flowable nanohybrid composites after simulated tooth brushing. Am J Dent. 2014;27(3):149-54. [PubMed] 
  9. Kakuta K, Wonglamsam A, Goto S, Ogura H. Surface textures of composite resins after combined wear test simulating both occlusal wear and brushing wear. Dent Mater J. 2012;31(1):61-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Say EC, Civelek A, Nobecourt A, Ersoy M, Guleryuz C. Wear and microhardness of different resin composite materials. Oper Dent. 2003;28(5):628-34. [PubMed] 
  11. Koc Vural U, Bagdatli Z, Yilmaz AE, Yalçın Çakır F, Altundaşar E, Gurgan S. Effects of charcoal-based whitening toothpastes on human enamel in terms of color, surface roughness, and microhardness: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(10):5977-85. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Rahardjo A, Gracia E, Riska G, Adiatman M, Maharani DA. Potential side effects of whitening toothpaste on enamel roughness and micro hardness. Int J Clin Prev Dent. 2015;11(4):239-42. [Crossref] 
  13. Hilgenberg SP, Pinto SC, Farago PV, Santos FA, Wambier DS. Physical-chemical characteristics of whitening toothpaste and evaluation of its effects on enamel roughness. Braz Oral Res. 2011;25(4):288-94. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Amaral CM, Rodrigues JA, Erhardt MC, Araujo MW, Marchi GM, Heymann HO, et al. Effect of whitening dentifrices on the superficial roughness of esthetic restorative materials. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2006;18(2):102-8; discussion 109. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. da Costa J, Adams-Belusko A, Riley K, Ferracane JL. The effect of various dentifrices on surface roughness and gloss of resin composites. J Dent. 2010;38 Suppl 2:e123-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Barbieri GM, Mota EG, Rodrigues-Junior SA, Burnett LH Jr. Effect of whitening dentifrices on the surface roughness of commercial composites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2011;23(5):338-45. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Dos Santos PH, Brogin FF, Catelan A, Suzuki TY, Guedes AP, Pavan S, et al. Effect of whitening and desensitizing dentifrices on composite surfaces treated with surface sealants. J Investig Clin Dent. 2013;4(2):101-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Monteiro B, Spohr AM. Surface roughness of composite resins after simulated toothbrushing with different dentifrices. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7(7):1-5. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  19. Kinoshita RYO, Sgura R, Reis MC, Masuda MS, Prazeres PSL, Romão Júnior W, et al. Effect of whitening dentifrices on surface roughness of dental nanofiller-based composites. Stereomycroscopy and AFM analysis. Braz Dent Sci. 2016;19(3):65-74. [Crossref] 
  20. Oliveira RS, Simões HB, Odilon NN, Lima MJP, Campos EJ. Effect of whitening dentifrices containing optical agent on the variation of color, roughness and mass of a nanoparticulate composite resin. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2020;49:e20200073. [Crossref] 
  21. Yilmaz MN, Gul P, Unal M, Turgut G. Effects of whitening toothpastes on the esthetic properties and surface roughness of a composite resin. J Oral Sci. 2021;63(4):320-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Nainan MT, Balan AK, Sharma R, Thomas SS, Deveerappa SB. The comparison of the effects of different whitening toothpastes on the micro hardness of a nano hybrid composite resin. J Conserv Dent. 2014;17(6):550-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Aydın N, Karaoglanoglu S, Oktay EA. Investigation the effects of whitening toothpastes on color change of resin-based CAD/CAM blocks. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021;33(6):884-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Jassé FF, de Campos EA, Lefever D, Di Bella E, Salomon JP, Krejci I, et al. Influence of filler charge on gloss of composite materials before and after in vitro toothbrushing. J Dent. 2013;41 Suppl 5:e41-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Vertuan M, de Souza BM, Machado PF, Mosquim V, Magalhães AC. The effect of commercial whitening toothpastes on erosive dentin wear in vitro. Arch Oral Biol. 2020;109:104580. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Moore C, Addy M. Wear of dentine in vitro by toothpaste abrasives and detergents alone and combined. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32(12):1242-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Wattanapayungkul P, Yap AU, Chooi KW, Lee MF, Selamat RS, Zhou RD. The effect of home bleaching agents on the surface roughness of tooth-colored restoratives with time. Oper Dent. 2004;29(4):398-403. [PubMed] 
  28. Walsh LJ. Safety issues relating to the use of hydrogen peroxide in dentistry. Aust Dent J. 2000;45(4):257-69; quiz 289. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Aytac F, Karaarslan ES, Agaccioglu M, Tastan E, Buldur M, Kuyucu E. Effects of novel finishing and polishing systems on surface roughness and morphology of nanocomposites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2016;28(4):247-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. da Silva EM, Dória J, da Silva Jde J, Santos GV, Guimarães JG, Poskus LT. Longitudinal evaluation of simulated toothbrushing on the roughness and optical stability of microfilled, microhybrid and nanofilled resin-based composites. J Dent. 2013;41(11):1081-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Moraes RR, Ribeiro Ddos S, Klumb MM, Brandt WC, Correr-Sobrinho L, Bueno M. In vitro toothbrushing abrasion of dental resin composites: packable, microhybrid, nanohybrid and microfilled materials. Braz Oral Res. 2008;22(2):112-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Ruivo MA, Pacheco RR, Sebold M, Giannini M. Surface roughness and filler particles characterization of resin-based composites. Microsc Res Tech. 2019;82(10):1756-67. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. Turssi CP, Hara AT, de Magalhães CS, Serra MC, Rodrigues AL Jr. Influence of storage regime prior to abrasion on surface topography of restorative materials. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2003;65(2):227-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Ferretti MA, Pereira R, Lins RBE, Soares MGC, Pinto LJH, Martins LRM, et al. Characterization of low-cost Brazilian resin composites submitted to tooth brushing. Braz Oral Res. 2020;35:e010. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Awliya WY. Effect of bleaching agents and whitening tooth pastes on color stability and microhardness of restorative materials. Pak Oral Dent J. 2007;27(2):249-56. [Link] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com