Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Internal Medical Sciences

Kemik İliği Transplantasyonu Özel Sayısı
Erişkinde Akraba Dışı ve Haploidantik Kemik İliği Nakli Uygulamaları
HAPLOIDENTICAL AND UNRELATED DONOR BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN ADULTS
Gülsan TÜRKÖZ SUCAKa
aHematoloji BD, Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, ANKARA
Turkiye Klinikleri J Int Med Sci. 2006;2(19):90-9
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Allojenik kök hücre nakli pek çok hematolojik maliGnitenin yanı sıra immun yetmezlik, kemik iliği yetmezlikleri ve bazı metabolik hastalıkların tedavisinde şifa şansı sağlayan bir tedavi yöntemidir. Ne yazık ki kök hücre nakli adayı hastaların ancak %75'i HLA uyumlu bir kardeşe sahiptir. Aile içi HLA uyumlu bir vericisi olmayan hastalar için akraba dışı gönüllü vericiler, kordon kanı ve aile içi 1-2 antijen uyumsuz veya haploidentik kök hücre nakli alternatifleri oluşturmaktadır. Akraba dışı gönüllü vericilerden yapılan kök hücre nakillerinde son 10 yılda elde edilen büyük gelişmeler ile, sonuçlar HLA uyumlu kardeş nakillerine yaklaşmıştır. Daha kesin doku tiplendirmesi yapılabilmesi, potansiyel gönüllü verici kaynaklarının çok genişlemiş olması, erken nakil ilişkili mortalitenin azaltılmış olması ve özellikle malign hastalıkların daha erken evrelerinde nakilin gerçekleşmesi sonuçlardaki iyileşmelerin başlıca nedenleridir. HLA uyumsuz aile içi ve haploidentik kök hücre nakillerinde de özellikle yüksek doz CD 34+ hücrelerin verilmesi ve vericiden hasta yönünde KIR uyumsuz nakillerde gözlenen artmış graft versus tümör etkisi bu nakil tipindeki olumlu gelişmelerin başlıca kaynağıdır. Hemen her hasta için ve en kısa süre içerisinde bir verici bulunabilmesi bu yöntemi cazip hale getirmekle beraber, erken nakil ilişkili mortalite, rejeksiyon ve gecikmiş immuntoparlanma gibi T hücre ayıklanmasına bağlı komplikasyonların azaltılmasına yönelik yeni gelişmelere ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Alternatif verici, haploidentik, akraba-dışı gönüllü verici, HLA uyumsuz, kemik iliği nakli, kök hücre nakli
ABSTRACT
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is curative in a substantial number of patients with hematologic malignancies, marrow-failure disorders, immunodeficiency syndromes, and certain metabolic diseases. Unfortunately, 75% of potential recipients do not have an HLA-identical sibling as a donor. Alternative sources of stem cells are required for patients who lack a related donor. Matched unrelated donors and cord blood is a potential alternative source of stem cells for patients without donors. Unrelated donor transplant outcomes have improved in the last decade and some recent studies have shown similar outcomes for unrelated donor and sibling donor transplantation. More precise HLA matching, expanded sources of cells, decreased early transplant-related mortality and appropriate timing of the transplant are the key factors improving unrelated donor transplant outcomes. Degree of HLA matching and disease status, rather than the stem cell source are the factors affecting the outcome of stem cell transplants. There has also been a significant progress in transplants with mismatched related donors and haploidantical transplants which is an alternative stem cell source. KIR mismatched in the GVH direction and infusion of megadose CD 34 + cells have both contributed to the improvement in the outcome of haploidentical transplants. Immediate availability of a haploidentical donor for almost every patient is a potential advantage for patients with high risk malignancies. However more progress is needed to overcome the problems with early transplant related mortality, graft rejection and relapse associated with the T cell depletion.

Keywords: Alternative donor, unrelated donor, haploidentical, HLA mismatched, bone marrow transplantation, stem cell transplantation

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