Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: CASE REPORTS
Ağızda Görülen Epitelyal Displazi ve Skuamöz Hücreli Karsinom Vakalarının Değerlendirilmesi: Vaka Serisi
Evaluation of Epithelial Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cases in the Mouth: Case Series
Hande SAĞLAMa, Fatma AKKOCA KAPLANa, İbrahim Şevki BAYRAKDARb, Mustafa Fuat AÇIKALINc, Zeynep ÖZGÜLd, Esin ŞENSOYd, Büşra HAYITd
aEskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Ağız, Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi ABD, Eskişehir, TÜRKİYE
bEskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Ağız, Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi ABD, Eskişehir, TÜRKİYE
cEskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Patoloji ABD, Eskişehir, TÜRKİYE
dEskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Patoloji ABD, Eskişehir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci.2021;27(2):340-6
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2020-75514
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Skuamöz hücreli karsinom, skuamöz epitelden kaynaklanır ve tüm oral kavite karsinomlarının %90'dan fazlasını oluşturmaktadır. Oral kavite kanserlerinin etiyolojisinde kötü ağız hijyeni, sigara ve alkol tüketimi büyük rol oynar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kliniğimize uzun süredir geçmeyen ağız yaraları nedeniyle başvuran 4 hastanın teşhis sürecini sunmaktır. Klinik muayene ve biyopsi işlemlerinden önce tüm hastalardan veya yasal vasilerinden yazılı aydınlatılmış onam alındı. Sonrasında hastaların ağız lezyonları toluidin mavisiyle boyandı, fırça ve punch biyopsisi alındı. Biyopsi materyalleri, histopatolojik değerlendirme için tıbbi patoloji anabilim dalına gönderildi ve sonucunda olgulara farklı derecelerde epitelyal displazi ve oral skuamöz hücreli karsinoma tanıları koyuldu. Anamnezin değerlendirilmesi ve klinik muayene erken evre lezyonların teşhisinde oldukça önemlidir. Diş hekimleri bu tip lezyonların teşhisinde önemli rol oynamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ağız neoplazileri; biyopsi; skuamöz hücreli karsinom
ABSTRACT
 Squamous cell carcinoma originates from the squamous epithelium and accounts for more than 90% of all oral cavity carcinomas. Poor oral hygiene, smoking and alcohol consumption play a major role in the etiology of oral cavity cancers. The aim of this study is to present the diagnosis process of four patients who applied to our clinic for long-term mouth sores. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients or their legal guardians prior to clinical examination and biopsy procedures. Afterwards, mouth lesions of the patients were stained with toluidine blue, brush and punch biopsy were taken. Biopsy materials were sent to the Department of Medical Pathology for histopathological evaluation, and the cases were diagnosed with different degrees of epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Evaluation of anamnesis findings and clinical examination are very important in the diagnosis of early-stage lesions. Dentists play an important role in the diagnosis of such lesions.

Keywords: Biopsy; mouth neoplasms; squamous cell carcinoma
REFERENCES:
  1. Rivera C, Oliveira AK, Costa RAP, De Rossi T, Paes Leme AF. Prognostic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Oral Oncol. 2017;72:38-47. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Jones JS. Life in the 21st century-a vision for all. S Afr Med J. 1998;88(6):674. [PubMed] 
  3. Massano J, Regateiro FS, Januário G, Ferreira A. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: review of prognostic and predictive factors. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;102(1):67-76. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Feller LL, Khammissa RR, Kramer BB, Lemmer JJ. Oral squamous cell carcinoma in relation to field precancerisation: pathobiology. Cancer Cell Int. 2013;13(1):31. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  5. Haksever M. Oral kavite kanserlerinde evreleme, prognostik faktörler ve evreleme sistemi üzerine değerlendirmeler [Staging, Prognostic Factors in Oral Cavity Cancers and Evaluation of Staging System]. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi. 2013;14(2):109-17. [Link] 
  6. Andre K, Schraub S, Mercier M, Bontemps P. Role of alcohol and tobacco in the aetiology of head and neck cancer: a case-control study in the Doubs region of France. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol. 1995;31B(5):301-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Castellsagué X, Quintana MJ, Martínez MC, Nieto A, Sánchez MJ, Juan A, et al. The role of type of tobacco and type of alcoholic beverage in oral carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer. 2004;108(5):741-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Chen PC, Kuo C, Pan CC, Chou MY. Risk of oral cancer associated with human papillomavirus infection, betel quid chewing, and cigarette smoking in Taiwan--an integrated molecular and epidemiological study of 58 cases. J Oral Pathol Med. 2002;31(6):317-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. da Silva CE, da Silva ID, Cerri A, Weckx LL. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104(4):497-500. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Figuero Ruiz E, Carretero Peláez MA, Cerero Lapiedra R, Esparza Gómez G, Moreno López LA. Effects of the consumption of alcohol in the oral cavity: relationship with oral cancer. Med Oral. 2004;9(1):14-23. English, Spanish. [PubMed] 
  11. Gillison ML. Current topics in the epidemiology of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. Head Neck. 2007;29(8):779-92. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Akmansoy BP, Şakir MD, Pekiner FN, Alatlı C. Oral skuamöz hücreli karsinom: 3 olgu sunumu ve literatür derlemesi [Oral squamous cell carcinoma: 3 case report and review of literature]. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;28(2):239-44. [Crossref] 
  13. Leite IC, Koifman S. Survival analysis in a sample of oral cancer patients at a reference hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Oral Oncol. 1998;34(5):347-52. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Ahmadian E, Dizaj SM, Sharifi S, Shahi S. The potential of nanomaterials in theranostics of oral squamous cell carcinoma: Recent progress. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2019. [Crossref] 
  15. Yildirim B, Şengüven B, Barış E, Gültekin Se. Potansiyel Malign Bozukluklar ve Ağız Kanseri Şüphesi Bulunan Lezyonlara Yaklaşım Ve Diş Hekimlerinin Erken Tanıdaki Rolü [Approach To Potentially Malignant Disorders And Suspicious Lesions For Oral Cancer And The Role Of Dentists In Early Diagnosis]. ADO Klinik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2011;5(2):881-6 [Link] 
  16. Sadık E, Alkurt MT. Oral mukozanın şüpheli lezyonlarının teşhisinde kullanılan yardımcı yöntemler [Adjunctive techniques for examination of suspicious lesions of oral mucosa]. Gazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2012;29(3):201-8. [Link] 
  17. Vijayakumar V, Reghunathan D, Edacheriyan B, Mukundan A. Role of Toluidine Blue Staining in Suspicious Lesions of Oral Cavity and Oropharynx. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;71(Suppl 1):142-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  18. Pereira NDS, Pinheiro TN. Histomorphometric Comparative Analysis between Oral Dysplastic Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Eur J Dent. 2019;13(1):1-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  19. Poh CF, Ng S, Berean KW, Williams PM, Rosin MP, Zhang L. Biopsy and histopathologic diagnosis of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. J Can Dent Assoc. 2008;74(3):283-8. [PubMed] 
  20. Sciubba JJ. Oral cancer and its detection. History-taking and the diagnostic phase of management. J Am Dent Assoc. 2001;132 Suppl:12S-18S. Erratum in: J Am Dent Assoc 2002;133(4):422. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Özateş Z, Koç N, Ölmez D, Altun S, Doğan ÖB, İriağaç Ş. Oral skuamoz hücreli karsinoma: 5 Olgu sunumu [Oral squamous cell carcinoma: 5 Case reports]. Selcuk Dental Journal.2019;6(4):112-8.
  22. Günhan Ö. Oral ve Maksillofasiyal Patoloji. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Atlas Kitapçılık Tic. Ltd Şti; 2001.
  23. Lissowska J, Pilarska A, Pilarski P, Samolczyk-Wanyura D, Piekarczyk J, Bardin-Mikolłajczak A, et al. Smoking, alcohol, diet, dentition and sexual practices in the epidemiology of oral cancer in Poland. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2003;12(1):25-33. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Velly AM, Franco EL, Schlecht N, Pintos J, Kowalski LP, Oliveira BV, et al. Relationship between dental factors and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Oral Oncol. 1998;34(4):284-91. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Flaitz CM, Nichols CM, Adler-Storthz K, Hicks MJ. Intraoral squamous cell carcinoma in human immunodeficiency virus infection. A clinicopathologic study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995;80(1):55-62. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. de Visscher JG, Bouwes Bavinck JN, van der Waal I. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip in renal-transplant recipients. Report of six cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997;26(2):120-3. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Neville BW, Day TA. Oral cancer and precancerous lesions. CA Cancer J Clin. 2002;52(4):195-215. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Leão JC, Gueiros LA, Porter SR. Oral manifestations of syphilis. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2006;61(2):161-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Seoane J, Van der Waal I, Van der Waal RI, Cameselle-Teijeiro J, Antón I, Tardio A, et al. Metastatic tumours to the oral cavity: a survival study with a special focus on gingival metastases. J Clin Periodontol. 2009;36(6):488-92. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Tandon S, Tudur-Smith C, Riley RD, Boyd MT, Jones TM. A systematic review of p53 as a prognostic factor of survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the four main anatomical subsites of the head and neck. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010;19(2):574-87. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  31. Weijers M, Snow GB, Bezemer DP, van dr Wal JE, van der Waal I. The status of the deep surgical margins in tongue and floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma and risk of local recurrence; an analysis of 68 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;33(2):146-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Bagan JV, Jiménez-Soriano Y, Diaz-Fernandez JM, Murillo-Cortés J, Sanchis-Bielsa JM, Poveda-Roda R, et al. Malignant transformation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia to oral squamous cell carcinoma: a series of 55 cases. Oral Oncol. 2011;47(8):732-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. Epstein JB, Silverman S Jr, Epstein JD, Lonky SA, Bride MA. Analysis of oral lesion biopsies identified and evaluated by visual examination, chemiluminescence and toluidine blue. Oral Oncol. 2008;44(6):538-44. Erratum in: Oral Oncol. 2008;44(6):615. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Epstein JB, Sciubba J, Silverman S Jr, Sroussi HY. Utility of toluidine blue in oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma: continuing research and implications for clinical practice. Head Neck. 2007;29(10):948-58. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Seoane Lestón J, Diz Dios P. Diagnostic clinical aids in oral cancer. Oral Oncol. 2010;46(6):418-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  36. Siddiqui IA, Farooq MU, Siddiqui RA, Rafi ST. Role of toluidine blue in early detection of oral cancer. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2006;22(2):184-7. [Link] 
  37. Kumaraswamy KL, Vidhya M, Rao PK, Mukunda A. Oral biopsy: oral pathologist's perspective. J Cancer Res Ther. 2012;8(2):192-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  38. Huang MF, Chang YC, Liao PS, Huang TH, Tsay CH, Chou MY. Loss of heterozygosity of p53 gene of oral cancer detected by exfoliative cytology. Oral Oncol. 1999;35(3):296-301. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  39. Eisen D. The oral mucosal punch biopsy. A report of 140 cases. Arch Dermatol. 1992;128(6):815-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com