Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Evaluation of the Prevalence of C-Shaped Canal Configuration in Mandibular First and Second Molar Teeth with Cone Beam Computed Tomography in the Turkish Subpopulation: A Retrospective Study
Türk Subpopülasyonunda Mandibular Birinci ve İkinci Molar Dişlerde C-Şekilli Kanal Konfigürasyon Prevalansının Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Çalışma
Zeynep Betül ARSLANa , Fatma Büşra DOĞANb , Derya İÇÖZc
aDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Türkiye
bDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Biruni University Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul, Türkiye
cDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Selçuk University Faculty of Dentistry, Konya, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2024;30(1):23-30
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2023-99156
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, symmetry, configuration, and radicular groove type of Cshaped canals in mandibular first and second molars in a group of Turkish populations using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Material and Methods: CBCT images of 442 (202 males and 240 females) patients, mandibular first and second molars were examined. The roots of the teeth were analyzed using axial sections in three different regions as coronal, middle and apical. The presence and classification of C-shaped canal configuration was evaluated in four categories according to the criteria of Fan et al. Also, the presence and classification of the radicular groove was assessed in three categories: buccal, lingual and buccal-lingual. Data analyzed by chi-square test. Results: While C-shaped canal configuration wasn't observed in first molars in the Turkish subpopulation, the frequency of ''C'' shape in lower second molars was determined as 6.94%. The presence of Cshaped canals was found to be higher in women than in men (p<0.05). In mandibular second molars, C-shaped canals were seen more frequently on the left side (65.96%). The prevalence of C1 canal configuration in the coronal (44.68%) and C4 configuration in the apical third (51.06%) was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05). The most common radicular groove type was determined to be the lingual groove with a prevalence of 74.47%. Conclusion: Gender and side factors seem to be effective in the variation of the C-shaped canal. Therefore, 3-dimensional evaluation of tooth morphology with CBCT is very important in terms of treatment planning and prognosis prediction.

Keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography; tooth root; mandibular molar; C-shaped canal configuration
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir grup Türk popülasyonunda mandibular birinci ve ikinci molar dişlerdeki ''C'' şeklindeki kanalların prevalansını, simetrisini, konfigürasyonunu ve radiküler oluk tipini konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) görüntüleri kullanarak değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada 442 (202 erkek ve 240 kadın) hastada, mandibular birinci ve ikinci molar dişlerin KIBT görüntüleri incelendi. Dişlerin kökleri koronal, orta ve apikal olmak üzere üç farklı bölgede aksiyal kesitler kullanılarak analiz edildi. ''C'' şeklindeki kanal konfigürasyonunun varlığı ve sınıflandırılması, Fan ve ark.nın kriterlerine göre dört kategoride değerlendirildi. Ayrıca radiküler oluğun varlığı ve sınıflandırılması bukkal, lingual ve bukkallingual olmak üzere üç kategoride değerlendirildi. Veriler ki-kare testi ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Türk subpopülasyonunda birinci molar dişlerde ''C'' şeklinde kanal konfigürasyonu bulunmazken mandibular ikinci molar dişlerde ''C ''şeklinin görülme sıklığı %6,94 olarak belirlendi. ''C ''şekilli kanal varlığı kadınlarda erkeklerden daha yüksek bulundu (p<0,05). Mandibular ikinci molar dişlerde ''C'' şekilli kanal sol tarafta daha sık görüldü (%65,96). Koronalde C1 kanal konfigürasyonunun (%44,68) ve apikal üçlüde C4 konfigürasyonunun (%51,06) prevalansı anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p<0,05). En sık görülen radiküler oluk tipi %74,47 prevalans ile lingual oluk olarak tespit edildi. Sonuç: C şeklindeki kanalın varyasyonunda cinsiyet ve simetri faktörlerin etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle KIBT ile diş morfolojisinin 3 boyutlu değerlendirilmesi, tedavi planlaması ve prognoz tahmini açısından çok önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi; diş kökü; mandibular molar dişler; C şekilli kanal konfigürasyonu
REFERENCES:
  1. Nejaim Y, Gomes AF, Rosado LPL, Freitas DQ, Martins JNR, da Silva EJNL. C-shaped canals in mandibular molars of a Brazilian subpopulation: prevalence and root canal configuration using cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(9):3299-305. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Jafarzadeh H, Wu YN. The C-shaped root canal configuration: a review. J Endod. 2007;33(5):517-23. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. Martins JNR, Marques D, Silva EJNL, Caramês J, Mata A, Versiani MA. Prevalence of C-shaped canal morphology using cone beam computed tomography - a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int Endod J. 2019;52(11):1556-72. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Fan B, Cheung GS, Fan M, Gutmann JL, Bian Z. C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: part I--Anatomical features. J Endod. 2004;30(12):899-903. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Martins JNR, Mata A, Marques D, Caramês J. Prevalence of C-shaped mandibular molars in the Portuguese population evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. Eur J Dent. 2016;10(4):529-35. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  6. Ulfat H, Ahmed A, Javed MQ, Hanif F. Mandibular second molars' C-shaped canal frequency in the Pakistani subpopulation: a retrospective cone-beam computed tomography clinical study. Saudi Endod J. 2021;11(3):383-7. [Crossref] 
  7. Cooke HG 3rd, Cox FL. C-shaped canal configurations in mandibular molars. J Am Dent Assoc. 1979;99(5):836-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Fernandes M, de Ataide I, Wagle R. C-shaped root canal configuration: a review of literature. J Conserv Dent. 2014;17(4):312-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  9. Shemesh A, Levin A, Katzenell V, Itzhak JB, Levinson O, Avraham Z, et al. C-shaped canals-prevalence and root canal configuration by cone beam computed tomography evaluation in first and second mandibular molars-a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(6):2039-44. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Melton DC, Krell KV, Fuller MW. Anatomical and histological features of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars. J Endod. 1991;17(8):384-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Alfawaz H, Alqedairi A, Alkhayyal AK, Almobarak AA, Alhusain MF, Martins JNR. Prevalence of C-shaped canal system in mandibular first and second molars in a Saudi population assessed via cone beam computed tomography: a retrospective study. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(1):107-12. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Sinanoglu A, Helvacioglu-Yigit D. Analysis of C-shaped canals by panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography: root-type specificity by longitudinal distribution. J Endod. 2014;40(7):917-21. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Patel S, Dawood A, Ford TP, Whaites E. The potential applications of cone beam computed tomography in the management of endodontic problems. Int Endod J. 2007;40(10):818-30. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Karabucak B, Bunes A, Chehoud C, Kohli MR, Setzer F. Prevalence of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated premolars and molars with untreated canal: a cone-beam computed tomography study. J Endod. 2016;42(4):538-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Duman SB, Duman S, Sevki Bayrakdar I, Yasa Y, Gumussoy I. Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of C-shape canals and longitudinal grooves of mandibular first and second molar teeth. Ann Med Res. 2019;26(12):2853-8. [Crossref] 
  16. Sönmez Kaplan S, Kaplan T, Sezgin GP. Evaluation of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars of a selected patient group using cone beam computed tomography: prevalence, configuration and radicular groove types. Odontology. 2021;109(4):949-55. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Ladeira DB, Cruz AD, Freitas DQ, Almeida SM. Prevalence of C-shaped root canal in a Brazilian subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomography analysis. Braz Oral Res. 2014;28:39-45. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Kato A, Ziegler A, Higuchi N, Nakata K, Nakamura H, Ohno N. Aetiology, incidence and morphology of the C-shaped root canal system and its impact on clinical endodontics. Int Endod J. 2014;47(11):1012-33. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  19. Kim HS, Jung D, Lee H, Han YS, Oh S, Sim HY. C-shaped root canals of mandibular second molars in a Korean population: a CBCT analysis. Restor Dent Endod. 2018;43(4):e42. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  20. Yang SE, Lee TY, Kim KJ. Prevalence and morphology of c-shaped canals: A CBCT analysis in a Korean population. Scanning. 2021;9152004;1-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  21. Zheng Q, Zhang L, Zhou X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Tang L, et al. C-shaped root canal system in mandibular second molars in a Chinese population evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. Int Endod J. 2011;44(9):857-62. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Wang Y, Guo J, Yang HB, Han X, Yu Y. Incidence of C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars in the native Chinese population by analysis of clinical methods. Int J Oral Sci. 2012;4(3):161-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Joshi N, Shrestha S, Sundas S, Prajapati K, Devi Wagle S, Gharti A. C-shaped canal in second molar of mandible among cases of cone beam computed tomography in tertiary care centres: a descriptive cross-sectional study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2021;59(239):649-52. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  24. von Zuben M, Martins JNR, Berti L, Cassim I, Flynn D, Gonzalez JA, et al. Worldwide prevalence of mandibular second molar C-shaped morphologies evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. J Endod. 2017;43(9):1442-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Kaya Büyükbayram I, Çolakoğlu G, Elçin MA, Sübay RK. Evaluation of radix entomolaris, radix paramolaris and C-shaped canals in mandibular molars using cone-beam computed tomography. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hekim Fak Derg. 2021;31(4):563-70. [Link] 
  26. Helvacioglu-Yigit D, Sinanoglu A. Use of cone-beam computed tomography to evaluate C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars in a Turkish subpopulation: a retrospective study. Int Endod J. 2013;46(11):1032-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Khawaja S, Alharbi N, Chaudhry J, Khamis AH, Abed RE, Ghoneima A, Jamal M. The C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars in an Emirati population. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):23863. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  28. Janani M, Rahimi S, Jafari F, Johari M, Nikniaz S, Ghasemi N. Anatomic features of c-shaped mandibular second molars in a selected Iranian population using cbct. Iran Endod J. 2018;13(1):120-5. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  29. Fan B, Cheung GS, Fan M, Gutmann JL, Fan W. C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: Part II--Radiographic features. J Endod. 2004;30(12):904-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Amoroso-Silva PA, Ordinola-Zapata R, Duarte MA, Gutmann JL, del Carpio-Perochena A, Bramante CM, et al. Micro-computed tomographic analysis of mandibular second molars with C-shaped root canals. J Endod. 2015;41(6):890-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com