Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Factors Influencing Surgical Patients' and Caregivers' Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence-Supported Healthcare Services: A Cross-Sectional Research
Cerrahi Hastalarının ve Bakım Verenlerin Yapay Zekâ Destekli Sağlık Hizmetlerine Yönelik Görüşlerini Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi: Kesitsel ve Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Eda Ayten KANKAYAa , Nazife Gamze ÖZER ÖZLÜa
aDokuz Eylül University Faculty of Nursing, Department of Surgical Diseases Nursing, İzmir, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2025;17(3):693-701
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2024-107264
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study aims to examine the influence of surgical patients' and caregivers' general attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) on their perceptions of AI-assisted healthcare. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 450 participants (240 patients and 210 caregivers) in the surgical clinics of a university hospital. Data were collected face-to-face between AugustDecember 2024 using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Form, the Opinion Questionnaire on AI-Assisted Healthcare, and the General Attitudes Towards AI Scale. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, oneway analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression analysis were employed for data analysis. Results: A total of 62.91% of patients and 63.8% of caregivers expressed concerns about AI-based robotic surgeons operating without human intervention. Additionally, 54.5% of patients and 48.5% of caregivers did not want AI-based robotic nurses to perform selfcare tasks. 51.6% of patients and 55.2% of caregivers reported that they did not find AI-based robot nurses trustworthy; 52.9% of patients and 52.3% of caregivers reported that they were concerned about AI-based robot nurses assisting surgery in the operating room. Regression analysis indicated that patients' positive attitudes and education levels accounted for 18% of their views on AI-based healthcare services, while caregivers' attitudes, gender, and education levels explained 25%. Male caregivers demonstrated greater acceptance and trust in AI technologies. Conclusion: Both patients and caregivers expressed reservations about AI-assisted healthcare services, emphasizing the importance of human interaction in medical settings. Enhancing education and awareness of AI's potential benefits may support the seamless integration of these technologies within a patient-centered framework.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; nursing; surgery; robots; healthcares
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışma, cerrahi hastalarının ve bakım verenlerinin yapay zekâya (YZ) yönelik genel tutumlarının yapay destekli sağlık hizmet algıları üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tipte olup, bir üniversite hastanesinin cerrahi kliniklerindeki 450 (240-hasta ve 210-bakım veren) katılımcı ile yapıldı. Veriler, Sosyodemografik Özellikler Formu, Yapay Zekâ Destekli Sağlık Hizmetleri Hakkında Görüş Anketi ve Yapay Zekâya Yönelik Genel Tutumlar Ölçeği ile yüz yüze Ağustos-Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında toplandı. Veri analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, ki-kare analizi, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve çok değişkenli doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların %62.91'i; hasta yakınlarının %63,8'i insan müdahalesi olmadan çalışan YZ tabanlı robot cerrahlar konusunda endişe duymaktaydı. Hastaların %54,5'i bakım verenlerin %48,5'si YZ tabanlı robot hemşirelerin öz bakım ihtiyaçlarını karşılamasını istememiştir. Hastaların %51,6'sı ve bakım verenlerin %55,2'si YZ tabanlı robot hemşireleri güvenilir bulmadıklarını; hastaların %52,9'u, bakım verenlerin %52,3'ü ameliyathanede ameliyata yardımcı olan YZ tabanlı robot hemşireler konusunda endişeli olduğunu bildirmiştir. Regresyon analizi, hastaların olumlu tutumlarının ve eğitim seviyelerinin YZ destekli sağlık hizmetleri hakkındaki görüşlerinin %18'ini açıkladığını, bakım verenlerin tutumlarının, cinsiyetlerinin ve eğitimlerinin ise %25'ini açıkladığını ortaya koymuştur. Erkek bakım verenlerin YZ teknolojilerini kabullenme ve bu teknolojilere güvenme düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Hem hastalar hem bakım verenler YZ destekli sağlık hizmetlerine yönelik olumsuz düşüncelere sahiptir. Özellikle sağlık uygulamalarında insan etkileşiminin önemini vurgulamışlardır. YZ'nin potansiyel faydaları konusunda eğitim ve farkındalığın artırılması, hasta odaklı bir yaklaşım benimsenerek bu teknolojilerin daha uyumlu bir şekilde uygulanmasına yardımcı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yapay zekâ; hemşirelik; cerrahi; robotlar; sağlık hizmetleri
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