Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: REVIEW
Geçmişten Günümüze Ortodontik Diş Hareketini Hızlandırma Yöntemleri
Accelerated Orthodontic Tooth Movement Methods from Past to Present
Kemal GÜLDÜRENa, Ulaş ÖZa
aYakın Doğu Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Ortodonti ABD, Lefkoşa, KKTC
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci.2021;27(1):138-48
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2020-73936
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Günümüzde hastalar, ortodontik tedavi süresinin kısa olmasını istemektedirler. Ayrıca uzun süreli ortodontik tedavi ile yan etki görülme riski artmaktadır. Tüm yan etki risklerini azaltmak ve hastaların ortodontik tedaviden uzaklaşmasını önlemek amacıyla ortodontik diş hareketinin hızlandırılmasına yönelik çeşitli araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Ortodontik diş hareketinin hızlandırılması için günümüze kadar birçok yöntem uygulanmıştır. Bu yöntemler, genel olarak cerrahi ve cerrahi olmayan uygulamalardan oluşmaktadır. Cerrahi uygulamalar geçmişte daha çok invaziv girişimleri içermiştir. İnvaziv cerrahi yöntemlerin hem hasta hem de hekim açısından rutin olarak uygulanma zorluğu nedeniyle günümüzde minimal invaziv cerrahi yöntemlere yönelim söz konusudur. Minimal invaziv cerrahi yöntemler, uygulama açısından daha pratiktir ve bu yöntemlerin çeşitli tipteki diş hareketlerinin hızına etkisi güncel ortodontinin araştırma konularındandır. Cerrahi olmayan yöntemler ise kimyasal uygulamalar ve fiziksel uyarılardan oluşmaktadır. Bu yöntemler, cerrahi yöntemlere göre daha kabul edilebilir görünse de özellikle kimyasal uygulamaların güvenilirliği belirsizdir. Fiziksel yöntemlerin ise etki mekanizmaları net değildir ve bazı fiziksel uygulamalar pratik olmayabilmektedir. Cerrahi ve cerrahi olmayan yöntemlerin klinik etkilerini daha iyi anlayabilmek için geniş çaplı ve uzun dönem randomize kontrollü çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, diş hareketini hızlandırmaya yönelik geçmişten günümüze kadar uygulanmış olan yöntemlerin, literatür bilgileri eşliğinde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hızlandırılmış diş hareketi; minör cerrahi işlemler; kimyasal; fiziksel
ABSTRACT
 Nowadays, patients request shorter time for orthodontic treatment. In addition, long-term orthodontic treatment increases the risk of side effects. Various studies on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement have been conducted to reduce the side effects and to prevent patients from avoiding orthodontic treatment. Until today, many methods have been applied to accelerate the orthodontic tooth movement. These methods consist of surgical and non-surgical applications. In the past, surgical applications included more invasive procedures. Routine application of invasive surgical methods is difficult for both the patient and the clinician. Today there is a tendency towards minimally invasive surgical methods. These minimally invasive methods can be applied more practically and the effect of these methods on accelerating various types of tooth movement is one of the research topics of contemporary orthodontics. Non-surgical methods include chemical and physical interventions. Although these methods seem more acceptable than surgical methods, especially the reliability of chemical applications is uncertain. Also the effect mechanism of physical methods is not clear and some physical applications may not be practical. Multi-center and long-term randomized controlled studies are needed to better understand the clinical effects of surgical and non-surgical methods. In this study, it was aimed to perfom a literature review on the accelerated tooth movement methods from past to present.

Keywords: Accelerated tooth movement; minor surgical procedures; chemical; physical
REFERENCES:
  1. Uribe F, Padala S, Allareddy V, Nanda R. Patients', parents', and orthodontists' perceptions of the need for and costs of additional procedures to reduce treatment time. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;145(4 Suppl):S65-73.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  2. Okamoto A, Ohnishi T, Bandow K, Kakimoto K, Chiba N, Maeda A, et al. Reduction of orthodontic tooth movement by experimentally induced periodontal inflammation in mice. Eur J Oral Sci. 2009;117(3):238-47.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  3. Pinto AS, Alves LS, Zenkner JEDA, Zanatta FB, Maltz M. Gingival enlargement in orthodontic patients: effect of treatment duration. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;152(4):477-82.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  4. Paetyangkul A, Türk T, Elekdağ-Türk S, Jones AS, Petocz P, Cheng LL, et al. Physical properties of root cementum: Part 16. Comparisons of root resorption and resorption craters after the application of light and heavy continuous and controlled orthodontic forces for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139(3):e279-84.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  5. Segal GR, Schiffman PH, Tuncay OC. Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2004;7(2):71-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  6. Khalaf K. Factors affecting the formation, severity and location of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2014;1;5(1):e4.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  7. Pinto AS, Alves LS, Maltz M, Susin C, Zenkner JEA. Does the duration of fixed orthodontic treatment affect caries activity among adolescents and young adults? Caries Res. 2018;52(6):463-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  8. Alikhani M, Raptis M, Zoldan B, Sangsuwon C, Lee YB, Alyami B, et al. Effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144(5):639-48.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  9. Frost HM. The regional acceleratory phenomenon: a review. Henry Ford Hosp Med J. 1983;31(1):3-9.[PubMed] 
  10. Verna C. Regional acceleratory phenomenon. In: Kantarci A, Will L, Yen S, eds. Tooth Movement. Front Oral Biol. Vol. 18. Basel: Karger; 2016. p.28-35.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  11. Cheung T, Park J, Lee D, Kim C, Olson J, Javadi S, et al. Ability of mini-implant-facilitated micro-osteoperforations to accelerate tooth movement in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;150(6):958-67.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  12. Cano J, Campo J, Bonilla E, Colmenero C. Corticotomy-assisted orthodontics. J Clin Exp Dent. 2012;1;4(1):e54-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  13. Liou EJ, Huang CS. Rapid canine retraction through distraction of the periodontal ligament. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;114(4):372-82.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  14. Hassan AH, Al-Fraidi AA, Al-Saeed SH. Corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment: review. Open Dent J. 2010;13;4:159-64.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  15. Kişnişci RS, Işeri H, Tüz HH, Altug AT. Dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis for rapid orthodontic canine retraction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002;60(4):389-94.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  16. Park YG, Kang SG, Kim SJ. Accelerated tooth movement by corticision as an osseous orthodontic paradigm. Kinki Tokai Kyosei Shika Gakkai Gakujyutsu Taikai, Sokai. 2006;48(6):6-15.
  17. Dibart S, Sebaoun JD, Surmenian J. Piezocision: a minimally invasive, periodontally accelerated orthodontic tooth movement procedure. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2009;30(6):342-50.[PubMed] 
  18. Kim YS, Kim SJ, Yoon HJ, Lee PJ, Moon W, Park YG, et al. Effect of piezopuncture on tooth movement and bone remodeling in dogs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144(1):23-31.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  19. Kouskoura T, Katsaros C, von Gunten S. The potential use of pharmacological agents to modulate Orthodontic Tooth Movement (OTM). Front Physiol. 2017;8;8:67.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  20. Davidovitch Z, Finkelson MD, Steigman S, Shanfeld JL, Montgomery PC, Korostoff E. Electric currents, bone remodeling, and orthodontic tooth movement: I. The effect of electric currents on periodontal cyclic nucleotides. Am J Orthod. 1980;77(1):14-32.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  21. Davidovitch Z, Finkelson MD, Steigman S, Shanfeld JL, Montgomery PC, Korostoff E, et al. Electric currents, bone remodeling, and orthodontic tooth movement. II. Increase in rate of tooth movement and periodontal cyclic nucleotide levels by combined force and electric current. Am J Orthod. 1980;77(1):33-47.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  22. Showkatbakhsh R, Jamilian A, Showkatbakhsh M. The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the acceleration of tooth movement. World J Orthod. 2010;11(4):e52-6.[PubMed] 
  23. Kawasaki K, Shimizu N. Effects of low-energy laser irradiation on bone remodeling during experimental tooth movement in rats. Lasers Surg Med. 2000;26(3):282-91.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  24. Cruz DR, Kohara EK, Ribeiro MS, Wetter NU. Effects of low-intensity laser therapy on the orthodontic movement velocity of human teeth: a preliminary study. Lasers Surg Med. 2004;35(2):117-20.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  25. Kau CH, Kantarci A, Shaughnessy T, Vachiramon A, Santiwong P, de la Fuente A, et al. Photobiomodulation accelerates orthodontic alignment in the early phase of treatment. Prog Orthod. 2013;19;14:30.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  26. Chung S, Milligan M, Gong SG. Photobiostimulation as a modality to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. Semin Orthod. 2015:21(3):195-202.[Crossref] 
  27. Shaughnessy T, Kantarci A, Kau CH, Skrenes D, Skrenes S, Ma D, et al. Intraoral photobiomodulation-induced orthodontic tooth alignment: a preliminary study. BMC Oral Health. 2016;13;16:3.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  28. Nishimura M, Chiba M, Ohashi T, Sato M, Shimizu Y, Igarashi K, et al. Periodontal tissue activation by vibration: intermittent stimulation by resonance vibration accelerates experimental tooth movement in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133(4):572-83.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  29. Kau CH, Nguyen JT, English JD. The clinical evaluation of a novel cyclical force generating device in orthodontics. Orthodontic Practice US. 2010;1(1):10-5.[Link] 
  30. Unnam D, Singaraju GS, Mandava P, Reddy GV, Mallineni SK. Accelerated orthodontics-an overview. J Dent Craniofac Res. 2018;3(1);4:1-8.[Link] 
  31. Bichlmayr A. Chirurgische kieferorthopadie und das Verhalten des Knochens und der Wurzelspitzen nach derselben. Dtsch Zahnarztl Wochenschr. 1931;34:835-42.[Link] 
  32. Kole H. Surgical operations on the alveolar ridge to correct occlusal abnormalities. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1959;12(5):515-29.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  33. Sayin S, Bengi AO, Gürton AU, Ortakoğlu K. Rapid canine distalization using distraction of the periodontal ligament: a preliminary clinical validation of the original technique. Angle Orthod. 2004;74(3):304-15.[PubMed] 
  34. Kharkar VR, Kotrashetti SM, Kulkarni P. Comparative evaluation of dento-alveolar distraction and periodontal distraction assisted rapid retraction of the maxillary canine: a pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;39(11):1074-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  35. Kumar PS, Saxena R, Patil S, Keluskar KM, Nagaraj K, Kotrashetti SM, et al. Clinical investigation of periodontal ligament distraction osteogenesis for rapid orthodontic canine retraction. Aust Orthod J. 2009;25(2):147-52.[PubMed] 
  36. Khanna R, Tikku T, Sachan K, Maurya RP, Verma G, Ojha V, et al. Evaluation of canine retraction following periodontal distraction using NiTi coil spring and implants - a clinical study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2014;4(3):192-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  37. Wilcko WM, Wilcko T, Bouquot JE, Ferguson DJ. Rapid orthodontics with alveolar reshaping: two case reports of decrowding. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2001;21(1):9-19.[PubMed] 
  38. İşeri H, Kişnişci R, Bzizi N, Tüz H. Rapid canine retraction and orthodontic treatment with dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;127(5):533-41.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  39. Kharkar VR, Kotrashetti SM. Transport dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis-assisted rapid orthodontic canine retraction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109(5):687-93.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  40. Kurt G, İşeri H, Kişnişçi R, Özkaynak Ö. Rate of tooth movement and dentoskeletal effects of rapid canine retraction by dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis: A prospective study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;152(2):204-13.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  41. Yadav S, Markiewicz MR, Allareddy V. Dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis for rapid maxillary canine retraction: an overview of technique, treatment, and outcomes. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2020;32(1):83-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  42. Park YG. Corticision: a flapless procedure to accelerate tooth movement. In: Kantarci A, Will L, Yen S, eds. Tooth Movement. Front Oral Biol. Vol. 18. Basel: Karger Publishers; 2016. p.109-17.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  43. Kim SJ, Park YG, Kang SG. Effects of corticision on paradental remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 2009;79(2):284-91.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  44. Tsai CY, Yang TK, Hsieh HY, Yang LY. Comparison of the effects of micro-osteoperforation and corticision on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Angle Orthod. 2016;86(4):558-64.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  45. Azeem M, Hamid WUI, Liaquat A, Mehmood A, Khan MI. Bacteremic capacity of a minimally invasive flapless accelerated orthodontic technique. J World Fed Orthod. 2017;6(3):105-8.[Crossref] 
  46. Charavet C, Lecloux G, Bruwier A, Rompen E, Maes N, Limme M, et al. Localized piezoelectric alveolar decortication for orthodontic treatment in adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Dent Res. 2016;95(9):1003-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  47. Aksakalli S, Calik B, Kara B, Ezirganli S. Accelerated tooth movement with piezocision and its periodontal-transversal effects in patients with Class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2016;86(1):59-65.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  48. Abbas NH, Sabet NE, Hassan IT. Evaluation of corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics and piezocision in rapid canine retraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149(4):473-80.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  49. Charavet C, Lecloux G, Jackers N, Albert A, Lambert F. Piezocision-assisted orthodontic treatment using CAD/CAM customized orthodontic appliances: a randomized controlled trial in adults. Eur J Orthod. 2019;21;41(5):495-501.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  50. Uribe F, Davoody L, Mehr R, Jayaratne YSN, Almas K, Sobue T, et al. Efficiency of piezotome-corticision assisted orthodontics in alleviating mandibular anterior crowding-a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Orthod. 2017;30;39(6):595-600.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  51. İleri Z, Akin M, Erdur EA, Dagi HT, Findik D. Bacteremia after piezocision. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146(4):430-6.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  52. Patterson BM, Dalci O, Papadopoulou AK, Madukuri S, Mahon J, Petocz P, et al. Effect of piezocision on root resorption associated with orthodontic force: a microcomputed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;151(1):53-62.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  53. Omidkhoda M, Radvar M, Azizi M, Dehghani M. Evaluating the efficacy of a modified piezo-puncture method on the rate of tooth movement in orthodontic patients: a clinical study. Turk J Orthod. 2020;1;33(1):13-20.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  54. Alikhani M, Alansari S, Sangsuwon C, Alikhani M, Chou MY, Alyami B, et al. Micro-osteoperforations: minimally invasive accelerated tooth movement. Semin Orthod. 2015;21(3):162-9.[Crossref] 
  55. Nicozisis JL. PROPEL: the fourth order of orthodontics. Orthodontic Practice US. 2014;5(3):24-8.[Link] 
  56. Teixeira CC, Khoo E, Tran J, Chartres I, Liu Y, Thant LM, et al. Cytokine expression and accelerated tooth movement. J Dent Res. 2010;89(10):1135-41.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  57. Attri S, Mittal R, Batra P, Sonar S, Sharma K, Raghavan S, et al. Comparison of rate of tooth movement and pain perception during accelerated tooth movement associated with conventional fixed appliances with micro-osteoperforations - a randomised controlled trial. J Orthod. 2018;45(4):225-33.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  58. Feizbakhsh M, Zandian D, Heidarpour M, Farhad SZ, Fallahi HR. The use of micro- osteoperforation concept for accelerating differential tooth movement. J World Fed Orthod. 2018;7(2):56-60.[Crossref] 
  59. Alkebsi A, Al-Maaitah E, Al-Shorman H, Abu Alhaija E. Three-dimensional assessment of the effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of tooth movement during canine retraction in adults with Class II malocclusion: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018;153(6):771-85.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  60. Sivarajan S, Doss JG, Papageorgiou SN, Cobourne MT, Wey MC. Mini-implant supported canine retraction with micro-osteoperforation: a split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod. 2019;89(2):183-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  61. Gulduren K, Tumer H, Oz U. Effects of micro-osteoperforations on intraoral miniscrew anchored maxillary molar distalization: a randomized clinical trial. J Orofac Orthop. 2020;81(2):126-41.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  62. Azeem M, Ul Haq A, Ilyas M, Ul Hamid W, Hayat MB, Jamal F, et al. Bacteremia after micro-osteoperforation. Int Orthod. 2018;16(3):463-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  63. Chan E, Dalci O, Petocz P, Papadopoulou AK, Darendeliler MA. Physical properties of root cementum: part 26. Effects of micro-osteoperforations on orthodontic root resorption: a microcomputed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018;153(2):204-13.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  64. Yamasaki K, Shibata Y, Fukuhara T. The effect of prostaglandins on experimental tooth movement in monkeys (Macaca fuscata). J Dent Res. 1982;61(12):1444-6.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  65. Yamasaki K, Shibata Y, Imai S, Tani Y, Shibasaki Y, Fukuhara T, et al. Clinical application of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) upon orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod. 1984;85(6):508-18.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  66. Brudvik P, Rygh P. Root resorption after local injection of prostaglandin E2 during experimental tooth movement. Eur J Orthod. 1991;13(4):255-63.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  67. Seifi M, Eslami B, Saffar AS. The effect of prostaglandin E2 and calcium gluconate on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Eur J Orthod. 2003;25(2):199-204.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  68. Patil AK, Keluskar KM, Gaitonde SD. The clinical application of prostaglandin E1 on orthodontic tooth movement. J Ind Orthod Soc. 2005;38:91-8.[Crossref] 
  69. Gianelly AA, Schnur RM. The use of parathyroid hormone to assist orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod. 1969;55(3):305.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  70. Soma S, Iwamoto M, Higuchi Y, Kurisu K. Effects of continuous infusion of PTH on experimental tooth movement in rats. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14(4):546-54.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  71. Soma S, Matsumoto S, Higuchi Y, Takano-Yamamoto T, Yamashita K, Kurisu K, et al. Local and chronic application of PTH accelerates tooth movement in rats. J Dent Res. 2000;79(9):1717-24.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  72. Li F, Li G, Hu H, Liu R, Chen J, Zou S, et al. Effect of parathyroid hormone on experimental tooth movement in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144(4):523-32.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  73. Lee HS, Heo HA, Park SH, Lee W, Pyo SW. Influence of human parathyroid hormone during orthodontic tooth movement and relapse in the osteoporotic rat model: a preliminary study. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2018;19.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  74. Collins MK, Sinclair PM. The local use of vitamin D to increase the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988;94(4):278-84.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  75. Blanco JF, Diaz RE, Gross H, Rodríguez N, Hernandez LR. [Efecto de la administración sistémica del 1, 25 Dihidrxicolecalciferol sobre la velocidad del movimiento ortodóncico en humanos. Estudio Clínico]. Revista Odontos. 2001;8:13-21.[Link] 
  76. Kale S, Kocadereli I, Atilla P, Aşan E. Comparison of the effects of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol and prostaglandin E2 on orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;125(5):607-14.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  77. Shetty A, Patil AK, Revankar A, Sandhu PK. Local infiltration of Vitamin D3 does not accelerate orthodontic tooth movement in humans: a preliminary study. Angle Orthod. 2015.[Crossref] 
  78. Liu ZJ, King GJ, Gu GM, Shin JY, Stewart DR. Does human relaxin accelerate orthodontic tooth movement in rats? Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005;1041:388-94.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  79. Madan MS, Liu ZJ, Gu GM, King GJ. Effects of human relaxin on orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal ligaments in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131(1):8.e1-10.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  80. McGorray SP, Dolce C, Kramer S, Stewart D, Wheeler TT. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on the effects of recombinant human relaxin on tooth movement and short-term stability. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141(2):196-203.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  81. Kim DH, Park YG, Kang SG. The effects of electrical current from a micro-electrical device on tooth movement. Korean J Orthod. 2008;38(5):337-46.[Crossref] 
  82. Kolahi J, Abrishami M, Davidovitch Z. Microfabricated biocatalytic fuel cells: a new approach to accelerating the orthodontic tooth movement. Med Hypotheses. 2009;73(3):340-1.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  83. Stark TM, Sinclair PM. Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987;91(2):91-104.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  84. Darendeliler MA, Sinclair PM, Kusy RP. The effects of samarium-cobalt magnets and pulsed electromagnetic fields on tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;107(6):578-88.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  85. Fujita S, Yamaguchi M, Utsunomiya T, Yamamoto H, Kasai K. Low-energy laser stimulates tooth movement velocity via expression of RANK and RANKL. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2008;11(3):143-55.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  86. Doshi-Mehta G, Bhad-Patil WA. Efficacy of low-intensity laser therapy in reducing treatment time and orthodontic pain: a clinical investigation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141(3):289-97.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  87. Genc G, Kocadereli I, Tasar F, Kilinc K, El S, Sarkarati B, et al. Effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on orthodontic tooth movement. Lasers Med Sci. 2013;28(1):41-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  88. Hsu LF, Tsai MH, Shih AH, Chen YC, Chang BE, Chen YJ, et al. 970 nm low-level laser affects bone metabolism in orthodontic tooth movement. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2018;186:41-50.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  89. Qamruddin I, Alam MK, Mahroof V, Fida M, Khamis MF, Husein A, et al. Effects of low-level laser irradiation on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and associated pain with self-ligating brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;152(5):622-30.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  90. Youssef M, Ashkar S, Hamade E, Gutknecht N, Lampert F, Mir M, et al. The effect of low-level laser therapy during orthodontic movement: a preliminary study. Lasers Med Sci. 2008;23(1):27-33.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  91. Limpanichkul W, Godfrey K, Srisuk N, Rattanayatikul C. Effects of low-level laser therapy on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2006;9(1):38-43.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  92. Ekizer A, Uysal T, Güray E, Akkuş D. Effect of LED-mediated-photobiomodulation therapy on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Lasers Med Sci. 2015;30(2):779-85.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  93. Friedrichsdorf SP, Chavez VEA, Bradaschia-Correa V, Cattaneo PM, Dominguez GC. Infrared light-emitting diode (LED) effects on orthodontic tooth movement. Braz Dent J. 2019;22;30(4):410-6. Erratum in: Braz Dent J. 2019;05;31(4):453.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  94. Friedrichsdorf SP, Zaniboni E, Simões A, Arana-Chavez VE, Dominguez GC. Phototherapy is unable to exert beneficial effects on orthodontic tooth movement in rat molars. Angle Orthod. 2019;89(6):936-41.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  95. Bowman SJ. The effect of vibration on the rate of leveling and alignment. J Clin Orthod. 2014;48(11):678-88.[PubMed] 
  96. Pavlin D, Anthony R, Raj V, Gakunga PT. Cyclic loading (vibration) accelerates tooth movement in orthodontic patients: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Semin Orthod. 2015;21(3):187-94.[Crossref] 
  97. Miles P, Smith H, Weyant R, Rinchuse DJ. The effects of a vibrational appliance on tooth movement and patient discomfort: a prospective randomised clinical trial. Aust Orthod J. 2012;28(2):213-8.[PubMed] 
  98. Leethanakul C, Suamphan S, Jitpukdeebodintra S, Thongudomporn U, Charoemratrote C. Vibratory stimulation increases interleukin-1 beta secretion during orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 2016;86(1):74-80.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  99. Azeem M, Afzal A, Jawa SA, Haq AU, Khan M, Akram H, et al. Effectiveness of electric toothbrush as vibration method on orthodontic tooth movement: a split-mouth study. Dental Press J Orthod. 2019;20;24(2):49-55.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com