Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Hastanede Yatan Hastalarda Beslenme Durumunun ve Malnütrisyon ile İlişkili Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Araştırma
Evaluation of Nutritional Status and Factors Associated with Malnutrition in Hospitalised Patients: A Cross-Sectional Research
Gökçe ÜNALa , Sevtap KABALIa , Yasemin AÇARa , Melahat Sedanur MACİT ÇELEBİa , Yasemin ERTAŞ ÖZTÜRKa , Zeynep UZDİLa
aOndokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Samsun, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2025;10(3):561-8
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2025-108796
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Hastanede yatan hastalarda beslenme durumunun değerlendirilerek malnütrisyonun erken dönemde tespit edilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, hastanede yatan hastaların beslenme durumlarının ve malnütrisyonla ilişkili faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi'nde yatan 19 yaş ve üzeri 581 hastada Eylül-Kasım 2024 tarihleri arasında yapılan bu çalışma kesitsel türde olup, örneklem seçiminde basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Hastalara demografik özellikleri, Nütrisyonel Risk Skoru-2002 (NRS-2002), besin tüketim kayıt formu ve antropometrik ölçümlerinin yer aldığı bir anket yüz yüze uygulanmıştır. Hastanın dosyasında mevcut olan biyokimyasal veriler (açlık kan glukozu, albümin, total protein, hemoglobin, hematokrit, alanin aminotransferaz, aspartat aminotransferaz, kreatinin) ve kan basıncı değerleri (sistolik ve diastolik) kaydedilmiştir. Beslenme Risk İndeksi [Nutrition Risk Index (NRI)] hesaplanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi SPSS 21.0 programı kullanılarak yapılmış, p<0,05 istatistiksel olarak önemli kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmada, NRS-2002 ile belirlenen genel malnütrisyon riski %22,4'tür. Malnütrisyon, yoğun bakımda (%100) ve hematoloji/onkoloji servislerinde (%50) yatan hastalarda en yüksek orandadır. Malnütrisyon riski olmayanlarla karşılaştırıldığında, malnütrisyon riski olan hastaların yaş ortalamasının daha yüksek; beden kitle indeksi (BKİ) değeri, enerji alımı, albümin, hemoglobin ve hematokrit düzeylerinin ise daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Malnütrisyon riski olan bireylerde NRI skoru daha düşük bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Kan albümin, hemoglobin ve hematokrit düzeyleri düşük olan hastalarda malnütrisyon riskinin (sırasıyla %32,1, %26,2 ve %26,1) normal veya yüksek olanlardan daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Yoğun bakım ve hematoloji/onkoloji hastalarında malnütrisyon riski yüksektir. Artan yaş, düşük enerji alımı, düşük BKİ, düşük albümin, hemoglobin ve hematokrit düzeyleri malnütrisyon riskini artırabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Beslenme değerlendirmesi; beslenme durumu; malnütrisyon
ABSTRACT
 Objective: It is important to evaluate the nutritional status of hospitalised patients and to detect malnutrition in the early period. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of hospitalised patients and factors associated with malnutrition. Material and Methods: This study, which was conducted between September-November 2024 in 581 patients aged 19 years and over hospitalised in Ondokuz Mayıs University Health Practice and Research Hospital, was cross-sectional and simple random sampling method was used in sample selection. A questionnaire including demographic characteristics, Nutritional Risk Score-2002 (NRS-2002), food consumption record form and anthropometric measurements was applied to the patients face-to-face. Biochemical data available in the patient's folder (fasting blood glucose, albumin, total protein, haemoglobin, haematocrit, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine) and blood pressure values (systolic and diastolic) were recorded. Nutrition Risk Index (NRI) was calculated. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 21.0 programme and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall malnutrition risk determined by NRS-2002 in the study was 22.4%. Malnutrition was highest in patients hospitalised in intensive care (100%) and haematology/oncology services (50%). When compared with patients without malnutrition risk, the mean age of patients with malnutrition risk was found to be higher and body mass index (BMI) value, energy intake, albumin, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels were found to be lower (p<0.05). NRI score was found to be lower in individuals at risk of malnutrition (p<0.05). The risk of malnutrition was found to be higher in patients with low blood albumin, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels (32.1%, 26.2% and 26.1%, respectively) than in patients with normal or high levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: The risk of malnutrition is high in intensive care unit patients and haematology/oncology patients. Increasing age, low energy intake, low BMI, low albumin, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels may increase the risk of malnutrition.

Keywords: Nutrition assessment; nutritional status; malnutrition
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