Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Internal Medicine

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Hemodiyaliz Hastalarının Evde Bakım Gereksinimleri
Home Care Needs of Hemodialysis Patients
Hatice BALCIa, Gülfidan BAŞERa, Evre YILMAZb, Birol ÖZKALPc
aKTO Karatay Üniversitesi Tıbbi Hizmetler ve Teknikler Bölümü, Diyaliz Programı, Konya, TÜRKİYE
bKTO Karatay Üniversitesi Tıbbi Hizmetler ve Teknikler Bölümü, İlk ve Acil Yardım Programı, Konya, TÜRKİYE
cKTO Karatay Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Bölümü, Konya, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Intern Med. 2021;6(1):6-13
doi: 10.5336/intermed.2020-76050
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışma, hemodiyaliz hastalarının günlük yaşam aktivitelerini değerlendirerek evde bakım gereksinimlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı olarak tasarlanan bu araştırma, 194 hastayla yürütülmüştür. Verilerin toplanmasında, Anket formu, Katz Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri Anketi (GYA) ve Lawton ve Brody Enstrümental Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri (EGYA) Anketi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma için KTO Karatay Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi İlaç ve Tıbbi Cihaz Dışı Araştırmalar Etik Kurulundan (2016/005), araştırmanın yapıldığı Özel Ölmez Diyaliz Merkezi'nden yazılı izin alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Mann-Whitney U analizi ve Kruskall-Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hastaların yaş ortalaması 53,2±15,9'dur. Katılımcıların %51,5'i kadın, %75,8'i evli, %85,6'sının sosyal güvencesi var, %59,8'i apartman dairesinde yaşıyor, %74,7'si eşi ile birlikte yaşıyor, %77,3'ü çalışmıyor/ emekli, %69,6'sı ilköğretim mezunu, %86,1'i yardımcı araç kullanmıyor olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmaya katılan hastaların, GYA puan ortalaması 16,03±3,68 ve EGYA puan ortalaması 19,18±5,36 olarak bulunmuştur. EGYA ve GYA ortanca değerleri sosyal güvence, medeni durum, yaşadığı ev, eğitim durumu, yaşadığı kişiler, çalışma durumu ve yardımcı araç kullanım durumuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde farklılaşmaktadır (p<0,05). Yaş ve GYA arasında negatif yönde düşük düzeyde anlamlı ilişki (r=-0,340, p=0,000) saptanırken, yaş ve EGYA arasında negatif yönde orta düzeyde anlamlı ilişki (r=-0,417, p=0,000) saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Hemodiyaliz hastalarının, GYA ve EGYA puanlarına göre kişisel gereksinimlerinin bağımsız olarak karşıladıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu grubun, günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin desteklenmesi için evde bakım gereksinimi olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemodiyaliz; günlük yaşam aktiviteleri; evde bakım
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study aims to evaluate the activities of daily living of hemodialysis patients in order to determine their home care needs. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out with 194 patients. For the data collection, Questionnaire, Katz Daily Life Activities Survey (GYA) and Lawton and Brody Instrumental Daily Life Activities Survey (EGYA) were used. For research, written approval from the ethical committee and the organization where research was carried out was obtained. Mann Whitney U analysis and Kruskal Wallis Test were used in the analysis of the data. Results: The mean age of the patients involved in the study was 53.2±15.9. Of the participants, 51.5% was female, 75.8% was married, 85.6% had social security, 59.8% was living in an apartment, 74.7% was living with his/her spouse, 77.3% was not working/retired, 69.6% was primary school graduate, and 86.1% did not use a helping instrument. The mean ADL score of the patients included in the study was 16.03±3.68, and the mean IADL score was 19.18±5.36. A statistically significant difference was found between median values of IADL and ADL in terms of social security, marital status, place of residence, educational status, people lived together, working status and the use of a helping instrument (p<0.05). A low-level negative and significant relationship was found between age and ADL (r=-0.340, p=0.000), whereas there was a moderate negative and significant relationship between age and IADL (r=-0.417, p=0.000). Conclusion: It was concluded that hemodialysis patients meet their personal needs independently according to their ADL and IADL scores. This group is believed to have a need for home care to support their activities of daily living.

Keywords: Hemodialysis; activities of daily living; home care
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