Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: REVIEW
Hentbolda Performans Bileşenleri: Fizyolojik Gereksinimler ve Top Atış Hızı
Performance Factors of Handball: Physiological Demands and Velocity of Ball Throwing
Celal GENÇOĞLUa, Hikmet GÜMÜŞa
aDokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2020;12(1):94-104
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2019-66543
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Hentbol, kısa süreli yüksek şiddetli aktivitelerin tekrarlı uygulanması ile oynanan aralıklı bir takım sporudur. Son yıllarda bu konuda yayımlanan çok sayıda araştırma sonucu, alandaki tüm paydaşlar için çok önemlidir. Bu derlemenin amacı, hentbol performans bileşenlerinin etkilerinin araştırıldığı bilimsel çalışmaları derleyen bir literatür incelemesi yapmaktır. PubMed, Web of Science ve Google Scholar Akademik veri tabanları, birincil anahtar kelime olan 'Handball' ile birlikte ikincil anahtar kelimelerden en az birinin birlikte yer alması ön koşulu sağlanarak, ikincil anahtar kelimeler olarak 'Physiological demands' ya da 'Throwing velocity' ya da 'Match analysis' ya da 'Small-sided games' ya da 'Distance covered' kullanılarak 2000-2018 yılları arasında taranmıştır. Dışlama ve dâhil edilme kriterlerinin uygulanması sonrasında toplam 76 makale çalışmada derlenmiştir. Bu derlemeyle, hentbolda seviyeye ve pozisyona bağlı fiziksel ve fizyolojik gereksinimlerin farklılığı da incelenmiştir. Maç içindeki yüksek şiddetli aktivitelerin azalmasıyla ortaya çıkan yorgunluk gelişimi tartışılmıştır. Hentbolda sonuca gitmekte en önemli unsur olan atış kinematiği kısaca tanımlanarak, top fırlatma hızına etki eden faktörler ve antrenman etkileri incelenmiştir. Ek olarak, hentbolda az sayıdaki dar alan oyunu araştırma sonuçları, yöntemsel standart olmaması nedeni ile çelişkili bulunmuştur. Bu derlemede hentbol performansı; maç gereksinimleri, fiziksel yük, atış hızı ve dar alan oyunları perspektifinden farklı seviye, yaş grubu, cinsiyet ve antrenman durumuna göre karşılaştırılmıştır. İleri dönemde, daha fazla maç ve antrenman yükü belirleyen bireyselleşme ilkesine uygun veri sağlayacak ve antrenman etkilerini araştıran saha çalışmalarına gereksinim bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hentbol; dar alan oyunları; top atış hızı; fizyolojik gereksinimler; koşu mesafesi
ABSTRACT
 Handball is an intermittent team sport in which players perform high-intensity activities repeatedly. Recent results of published investigations in handball topics are essential for specialists such as coaches, physicians, and strength and conditioning practitioners. This review aims to review articles that researched to performance factors of handball. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases between 2000-2018 years. The searching was performed by primary keyword 'Handball' and secondary keywords 'Physiological demands' or 'Throwing velocity' or 'Match analysis' or 'Small-sided games' or 'Distance covered'. After including and excluding criteria performed a total of 76 articles reviewed in this study. In this review, we discussed the physical, physiological and on-court demands of handball players in special reference to position and playing level. During the handball matches, fatigue development also considered that appears with the determination of decreased high-intensity activities. Additionally, as an important factor for handball scoring, throwing kinematics described and training effects of throwing velocity reviewed. In the literature, only a few small-sided games investigation exists that used non-standard methods. Further research is needed to understand the individual training, and match load of handball players from different sex, level, physical characteristics.

Keywords: Handball; small sided games; throwing velocity; physiological demands; distance covered
REFERENCES:
  1. Cardinale M. Handball performance: physiological considerations and practical approach for training metabolic aspects. Retrieved March, Materials From 3rd & 4th Congress Sport Medicine & Handball. 2001. https://www.scribd.com/document/190072118/Handball-Performance-Physiological-Considerations-Practical-Approach-for-Training-Metabolic Last access.
  2. Ziv G, Lidor R. Physical characteristics, physiological attributes, and on-court performances of handball players: a review. Eur J Sport Sci. 2009;9(6):375-86. [Crossref] 
  3. International Handball Federation. The official handball rules. 2010. https://www.ihf.info/sites/default/files/2019-07/New-Rules%20of%20the%20Game_GB.pdf ast access.
  4. Granados C, Izquierdo M, Ibá-ez J, Ruesta M, Gorostiaga EM. Effects of an entire season on physical fitness in elite women's handball players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(2): 351-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Rannou F, Prioux J, Zouhal H, Gratas-Delamarche A, Delamarche P. Physiological profile of handball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2001;41(3):349-53.
  6. Michalsik LB, Aagaard P, Madsen K. Locomotion characteristics and match-induced impairments in physical performance in male elite team handball players. Int J Sports Med. 2013;34(7):590-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Michalsik LB, Aagaard P. Physical demands in elite team handball: comparisons between male and female players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015;55(9):878-891.
  8. Karcher C, Buchheit M. On-court demands of elite handball, with special reference to playing positions. Sport Med. 2014;44(6):797-814. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Chelly MS, Hermassi S, Aouadi R, Khalifa R, Van den Tillaar R, Chamari K, et al. Match analysis of elite adolescent team handball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(9): 2410-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Michalsik LB, Madsen K, Aagaard P. Physiological capacity and physical testing in male elite team handball. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015;55(5):415-29.
  11. Póvoas S, Seabra A, Ascensão A, Magalhães J, Soares JM, Rebelo AN. Physical and physiological demands of elite team handball. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(12):3365-75. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Póvoas S, Ascensão A, Magalhães J, Seabra AF, Krustrup P, Soares JM, et al. Physiological demands of elite team handball with special reference to playing position. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(2):430-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Loftin M, Anderson P, Lytton L, Pittman P, Warren B. Heart rate response during handball singles match-play and selected physical fitness components of experienced male handball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1996;36(2):95-9.
  14. ?ibila M, Vuleta D, Pori P. Position-related differences in volume and intensity of large-scale cyclic movements of male players in handball. Kinesiology. 2004;36(1):58-68.
  15. Belka J, Hulka K, Safar M, Weisser R, Samcova A. Analyses of time-motion and heart rate in elite female players (U19) during competitive handball matches. Kinesiology. 2014;46(1):33-43.
  16. Bělka J, Hůlka K, ?afář M, Weisser R. External and internal load of playing positions of elite female handball players (U19) during competitive matches. Acta Gymnica. 2016;46(1):12-20. [Crossref] 
  17. Luig P, Manchado Lopez C, Pers J, Perse M, Kristan M, Schander I, et al. Motion characteristics according to playing positions in international men's team handball. Book of Abstracts - 13th Annual Congress of the European College of Sports Science 9-12 July 2008, Estoril - Portugal, p.255.
  18. Cardinale M, Whiteley R, Hosny A, Popovic N. Activity Profiles and Positional Differences of Handball Players During the World Championships in Qatar 2015. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(7):908-15. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Luteberget LS, Spencer M. High-intensity events in international women's team handball matches. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(1):56-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Nikolaidis PT, Ingebrigtsen J. Physical and physiological characteristics of elite male handball players from teams with a different ranking. J Hum Kinet. 2013;38:115-24. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  21. Manchado C, Tortosa-Martínez J, Vila H, Ferragut C, Platen P. Performance factors in women's team handball: physical and physiological aspects--a review. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(6):1708-19. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Buchheit M, Lepretre PM, Behaegel AL, Millet GP, Cuvelier G, Ahmaidi S. Cardiorespiratory responses during running and sport-specific exercises in handball players. J Sci Med Sport. 2009;12(3):399-405. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Buchheit M, Laursen PB, Kuhnle J, Ruch D, Renaud C, Ahmaidi S. Game-based training in young elite handball players. Int J Sports Med. 2009 30(4):251-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Michalsik LB, Aagaard P, Madsen K. Technical activity profile and influence of body anthropometry in male elite team handball players. European Handball Scientific Conference. 2011a. http://ebook.eurohandball.com/EHF%20Scientific%20Conference%202011/.
  25. Michalsik L. Match performance and physiological capacity of male elite team handball players. In: European Handball Federation Scientific Conference. 2011b. http://ebook.eurohandball.com/EHF%20Scientific%20Conference%202011/.
  26. Michalsik LB, Aagaard P, Madsen K. Locomotion characteristics and match-induced impairments in physical performance in male elite team handball players. Int J Sports Med. 2013;34(7):590-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Michalsik LB, Madsen K, Aagaard P. Technical match characteristics and influence of body anthropometry on playing performance in male elite team handball. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(2):416-28. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Manchado C, Hoffmann E, Valdivielso FN, Platen P. Physiological demands in female handball - demands and heart rate during matches of the German National Team. Dt Z Sportmed. 2007;58(10):24-9.
  29. Cunniffe B, Fallan C, Yau A, Evans GH, Cardinale M. Assessment of physical demands and fluid balance in elite female handball players during a 6- day competitive tournament. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015;25(1):78-88. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Wik EH, Luteberget LS, Spencer M. Activity profiles in international women's team handball using playerload. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(7):934-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Ronglan LT, Raastad T, Børgesen A. Neuromuscular fatigue and recovery in elite female handball players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006;16(4):267-73. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Thorlund JB, Michalsik LB, Madsen K, Aagaard P. Acute fatigue-induced changes in muscle mechanical properties and neuromuscular activity in elite handball players following a handball match. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;18(4):462-72. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. Chelly MS, Hermassi S, Shephard RJ. Relationships between power and strength of the upper and lower limb muscles and throwing velocity in male handball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(6):1480-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Møller M, Nielsen RO, Attermann J, Wedderkopp N, Lind M, Sørensen H, et al. Handball load and shoulder injury rate: a 31-week cohort study of 679 elite youth handball players. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(4):231-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Myklebust G, Hasslan L, Bahr R, Steffen K. High prevalence of shoulder pain among elite Norwegian female handball players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013;23(3):288-94. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  36. Fleck S, Smith SL, Craib MW, Denehan T. Upper extremity isokinetic torque and throwing velocity in team handball. J Strength Condit Res. 1992;6(2):120-4. [Crossref] 
  37. Dauty A, Kitar E, Dubois C, Potiron-Josse A. Relationship between ball velocity and the shoulder rotators isokinetic torque in high-level handball players. Science & Sports 2005; 20(5-6):300-3.
  38. Bayios IA, Anastasopoulou EM, Sioudris DS, Boudolos KD. Relationship between isokinetic strength of the internal and external shoulder rotators and ball velocity in team handball. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2001;41(2):229-35.
  39. Andrade MS, de Carvalho Koffes F, Benedito-Silva AA, da Silva AC, de Lira CA. Effect of fatigue caused by a simulated handball game on ball throwing velocity, shoulder muscle strength and balance ratio: a prospective study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2016;8:13. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  40. Andrade Mdos S, Fleury AM, de Lira CA, Dubas JP, da Silva AC. Profile of isokinetic eccentric-to-concentric strength ratios of shoulder rotator muscles in elite female team handball players. J Sports Sci. 2010;28(7):743-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  41. Shalfawi SAI, Seiler S, Tønnessen E, Haugen TA. Aspects of shooting velocity in Norwegian Elite team Handball. Serb J Sports Sci. 2014;8:33-40.
  42. Wagner H, Buchecker M, von Duvillard SP, Müller E. Kinematic description of elite vs. low level players in team-handball jump throw. J Sports Sci Med. 2010;9(1):15-23.
  43. van den Tillaar R, Ettema G. Effect of body size and gender in overarm throwing performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;91(4):413-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  44. Zapartidis I, Gouvali M, Bayios I, Boudolos K. Throwing effectivenes and rotational strength of the shoulder in team handball. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2007;47(2):169-78.
  45. Fradet L, Botcazou M, Durocher C, Cretual A, Multon F, Prioux J, et al. Do handball throws always exhibit a proximal-to-distal segmental sequence? J Sports Sci. 2004;22(5):439-47. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  46. Gorostiaga EM, Granados C, Iba-ez J, González-Badillo JJ, Izquierdo M. Effects of an entire season on physical fitness changes in elite male handball players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38(2):357-66. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  47. Hoff J, Almåsbakk B. The effects of maximum strength training on throwing and muscle strength in female-handball players. J Strength Condit Res. 1995;9(4):255-8. [Crossref] 
  48. Laver L, Landreau P, Seil R, Popović N. Handball Sports Medicine: Basic Science, Injury Management and Return to Sport. 1st ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 2018. p.653. [Crossref] 
  49. van den Tillaar R, Ettema G. A force-velocity relationship and coordination patterns in overarm throwing. J Sports Sci Med. 2004;3(4):211-9.
  50. Gorostiaga EM, Granados C, Ibá-ez J, Izquierdo M. Differences in physical fitness and throwing velocity among elite and amateur male handball players. Int J Sports Med. 2005;26(3):225-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  51. Moss SL, McWhannell N, Michalsik LB, Twist C. Anthropometric and physical performance characteristics of top-elite, elite and non-elite youth female team handball players. J Sports Sci. 2015;33(17):1780-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  52. Saavedra JM, Kristjánsdóttir H, Einarsson IÞ, Guðmundsdóttir ML, Þorgeirsson S, Stefansson A. Anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, and throwing velocity in elite women's handball teams. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(8):2294-301. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  53. Rivilla-García J, Navarro F, Grande I, Ignatova AS, Sampedro J. Differences throwing capacity between senior and u-18 men handball players. Serb J Sports Sci. 2010;4(4):145-51.
  54. Rivilla-Garcia J, Lorenzo CJ, Van den Tillaar R. [Comparison of throwing velocity between first and second offensive line handball players]. Kinesiologia Slovenica. 2016;22(3):5-15.
  55. García JA, Sabido R, Barbado D, Moreno FJ. Analysis of the relation between throwing speed and throwing accuracy in team-handball according to instruction. Eur J Sport Sci. 2013;13(2):149-54. [Crossref] 
  56. van den Tillaar R, Ettema G. Instructions emphasizing velocity, accuracy, or both in performance and kinematics of overarm throwing by experienced team handball players. Percept Mot Skills. 2003;97(3 Pt 1):731-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  57. Wagner H, Müller E. The effects of differential and variable training on the quality parameters of a handball throw. Sports Biomech. 2008;7(1):54-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  58. Wagner H, Finkenzeller T, Würth S, von Duvillard SP. Individual and team performance in team-handball: a review. J Sports Sci Med. 2014;13(4):808-16.
  59. Skejøa SD, Møllerb M, Benckec J, Sørensen H. Predicting throwing velocity using accelerometers. 2018. https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/121496567/poster_v2_4.pdf.
  60. Berkson E, Aylward R, Zachazewski J, Paradiso J, Gill TJ. IMU arrays: the biomechanics of baseball pitching. https://resenv.media.mit.edu/pubs/papers/2006-06-IMU-Baseball.pdf.
  61. Rawashdeh SA, Rafeldt DA, Uhl TL. Wearable IMU for shoulder injury prevention in overhead sports. Sensors (Basel). 2016;16(11). pii: E1847. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  62. van den Tillaar R, Ettema GA. Three-dimensional analysis of overarm throwing in experienced handball players. J Appl Biomech. 2007;23(1):12-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  63. Saeterbakken AH, van den Tillaar R, Seiler S. Effect of core stability training on throwing velocity in female handball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(3):712-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  64. Manchado C, García-Ruiz J, Cortell-Tormo JM, Tortosa-Martínez J. Effect of core training on male handball players' throwing velocity. J Hum Kinet. 2017;56:177-85. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  65. Hermassi S, Ingebrigtsen J, Schwesig R, Fieseler G, Delank KS, Chamari K, et al. Effects of in-season short-term aerobic and high-intensity interval training program on repeated sprint ability and jump performance in handball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018;58(1-2):50-6.
  66. Ettema G, Glosen T, van den Tillaar R. Effect of specific resistance training on overarm throwing performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2008;3(2):164-75. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  67. Marques MC, van den Tilaar R, Vescovi JD, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Relationship between throwing velocity, muscle power, and bar velocity during bench press in elite handball players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2007;2(4):414-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  68. Chaouachi A, Brughelli M, Levin G, Boudhina NB, Cronin J, Chamari K. Anthropometric, physiological and performance characteristics of elite team-handball players. J Sports Sci. 2009;27(2):151-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  69. Barata J. Changes in ball velocity in the handball free throw, induced by two different speed-strength training programs. Portuguese J Human Perf. 1992;8(1):45-55.
  70. Kvorning T, Hansen MR, Jensen K. Strength and conditioning training by the Danish National Handball Team prior to an Olympic Tournament. J Strength Cond Res. 2017;31(7):1759-65. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  71. Corvino M, Vuleta D, ?ibila M. Analysis of load and players' effort in 4vs4 small-sided handball games in relation to court dimensions. Kinesiologia. 2016;48(2):26-7. [Crossref] 
  72. Chittibabu B. Effect of small-sided handball game on aerobic capacity and repeated sprint ability of male handball players. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise. 2014;16(2):22. [Crossref] 
  73. Dello Iacono A, Martone D, Zagatto AM, Meckel Y, Sindiani M, Milic M, et al. Effect of contact and no-contact small-sided games on elite handball players. J Sports Sci. 2018;36(1):14-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  74. Dello Iacono A, Eliakim A, Padulo J, Laver L, Ben-Zaken S, Meckel Y. Neuromuscular and inflammatory responses to handball small-sided games: the effects of physical contact. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017;27(10):1122-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  75. Abade E, Abrantes C, Ibá-ez S, Sampaio J. Acute effects of strength training in the physiological and perceptual response in handball small-sided games. Science & Sports. 2014;29(5):e83-9. [Crossref] 
  76. Abade EA, Gonçalves BV, Vilaça JM, Sampaio JE. Acute effects of strength training programs on vertical jump and technical actions in handball during preseason. Comprehensive Psychology. 2014. https://doi.org/10.2466/30.25.CP.3.2 [Crossref] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com