Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Investigation of Cases with Tick Attachment at the Emergency Department
Acil Servise Gelen Kene Tutunması Olgularının İncelenmesi
Tarkan KÜFECİLERa, Erol ARMAĞANa, Özlem KÖKSALa, Ataman KÖSEa, Egemen KOCABAŞa, Semih KULAÇa
aDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2013;33(5):1209-15
doi: 10.5336/medsci.2012-31397
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
Objective: Tick-borne diseases and especially Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) are serious epidemiological problems in many parts of the world. In this study, we aimed to emphasize the importance of an emergency approach to treat these diseases and to stress the importance of identifying characteristics of patients who are admitted to the hospital for tick attachment. Material and Methods: This study included 336 patients who admitted to Uludag University Medical Faculty Hospital Emergency Department (ED) and presented with tick attachment between April 2009 and May 2010. Patient demographics, clinical and laboratory findings and follow-up data were recorded. Laboratory parameters of hospitalized patients and non- hospitalized patients were statistically compared. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.85±13.88 years. Males comprised %50.9 of the patients. The most common months for hospital admission for tick attachment were July (33.0%) and August (32.4%). Of total, %49.1 of the patients acquired the tick in urban areas while %35.4 of them acquired it in the rural areas such as picnic areas, forest, field or animal shelters. The tick attachments were found in the lower extremities in 27.4% of the patients. In 65.5% of patients, the tick was removed by a physician in the ED using a forceps (54.2%) which was the most commonly used tool for tick removal. Laboratory parameters [aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CK), white blood cell, neutrophil and platelet counts, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and the international normalized ratio (INR)] of the hospitalized patients who were suspected CCHF were statistically significantly different when compared to the ones who were not hospitalized. Conclusion: In tick attachment cases who admitted to the ED, decreased levels of thrombocyte, leukocyte and neutrophil counts and increased levels of AST, ALT, LDH, CK, aPTT, PT and INR are significant for CCHF. An emergency department physician should be alert for these results.

Keywords: Ticks; emergency medicine; hemorrhagic fever virus, Crimean-Congo
ÖZET
Amaç: Kene vektörlüğü ile bulaşan hastalıklar özellikle Kırım-Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi (KKKA) dünyanın birçok yerinde ciddi bölgesel epidemiyolojik problemdir. Bu çalışmada Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi (UÜTF) hastanesi Acil Servis (AS)'ine kene tutunması nedeniyle başvuran olguların demografik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, izlem ve tetkik sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi ve kene tutunmasına acil yaklaşımın öneminin vurgulaması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Nisan 2009- Mayıs 2010 tarihleri arasında UÜTF AS'ine kene tutunması şikayeti ile başvuran 336 hasta alındı. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, klinik, laboratuar bulguları ve izlem verileri kaydedildi. Hastaneye yatırılan ve taburcu edilen hastaların laboratuar parametreleri istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan hastaların yaş ortalaması 43,85±13,88'idi. Hastaların %50,9'u erkekti. En sık başvuru Temmuz (%33,3) ve Ağustos (%32,7) aylarında oldu. Hastaların %49,1'inde kene tutunması yerleşim yerinde, %35,4'ünde piknik alanları, hayvan barınağı, orman, tarla gibi kırsal alanlarda meydana gelmişti. Olgularının %27,4'ünde kene alt ekstremiteye tutunmuştu. Kenelerin %65,5'i AS'de doktor tarafından çıkarılmıştı ve çıkartma yöntemi olarak en sık %54,2 oranında forseps kullanılmıştı. KKKA şüphesi ile hastaneye yatırılan olguların laboratuar parametreleri [aspartat transaminaz (AST), alanin transaminaz (ALT), laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH), kreatin fosfokinaz (CK), lökosit, nötrofil, trombosit, aktive parsiyel promboplastin zamanı (aPTZ), protrombin zamanı (PT), international normalize ratio (INR)], hospitalize edilmeyen olgularınkinden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede farklı idi. Sonuç: Acil servise başvuran kene tutunması olgularının laboratuar incelemesinde trombosit, lökosit ve nötrofil sayılarının düşük olması; AST, ALT, LDH, CK, aPTT, PT ve INR değerlerinin yükselmesi, KKKA hastalığı açısından önemlidir. Bir acil hekimi bu açıdan uyanık olmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Keneler; acil tıp; hemorajik ateş virüsü, Kırım-Kongo

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