Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Investigation of Dysphagia Education and Practice Among the Speech and Language Therapists in Türkiye: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Türkiye'deki Dil ve Konuşma Terapistleri Arasında Disfaji Eğitimi ve Uygulamasının İncelenmesi: Tanımlayıcı-Kesitsel Bir Araştırma
Hakan GÖLAÇa,b, Önal İNCEBAYb, Fatma ESEN AYDINLIb
aDepartment of Speech and Language Therapy, Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
bDepartment of Speech and Language Therapy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2022;7(3):712-25
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2021-86184
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Swallowing disorder (dysphagia) is one of the major areas of interest for speech and language therapists (SLT). This study aims to investigate the educational background and practice patterns of Turkish SLTs in the field of dysphagia. Material and Methods: A total of 127 SLTs were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. An online survey consisting of 45 questions in total was created via 'Google forms' and sent to the SLTs across Türkiye using professional networks and social media. Results: The response rate to the survey was 52.4% (127/242). Among the study population, only 22 (18.2%) participants reported having 4 years or more experience in the profession. Almost 95% of the SLTs indicated that they had at least one theoretical course, and 25.2% reported attending a postgraduate course about dysphagia. Twenty three (18.1%) subjects reported the presence of a dysphagia team in their current facility. History-taking, oral-motor assessment, and cognitive screening were the most frequently used dysphagia assessment modalities and, therapeutic approaches such as oral hygiene, caregiver education and training, and oral motor exercises were the most frequently preferred techniques for dysphagia treatment. Conclusion: Although the SLTs in Türkiye have an adequate level of dysphagia education based on the best practices and standards in the profession, they do not have enough opportunity to practice this knowledge in their facilities. From the outcome of our investigation, it is possible to conclude that increasing SLT employment in medical centers and providing adequate opportunities for comprehensive management can improve dysphagia practice patterns of SLTs in Türkiye.

Keywords: Deglutition disorders; educational measurement; evidence-based practice; professional practice
ÖZET
 Amaç: Yutma bozuklukları, dil ve konuşma terapistlerinin (DKT) çalışma alanı içerisindedir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Türkiye'de çalışan DKT'lerin yutma bozuklukları ile ilgili almış oldukları eğitimleri ve klinik pratikte uygulama yapabilme olanaklarını incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel desende yapılan bu çalışmaya 127 DKT dâhil edilmiştir. Toplam 45 sorudan oluşan ve 'Google Forms' üzerinden oluşturulan bir anket, profesyonel bağlantılar ve çeşitli sosyal medya platformları üzerinden katılımcılara gönderilmiştir. Bulgular: Anket gönderilen terapistlerin %52,4'ü (127/242) geri dönüş sağlamıştır. Yirmi iki (%18,2) katılımcı alanda 4 yıl ve üzeri deneyim sahibi olduğunu belirtmiştir. DKT'lerin %95'i yutma bozuklukları ile ilgili en az bir ders aldığını belirtirken, %25,2'si mezuniyet sonrası kurs aldığını belirtmiştir. Çalışılan merkezlerin sadece 23'ünde (%18,1) yutma bozuklukları ile ilgili bir ekibinin olduğu bildirilmiştir. DKT'ler arasında hikâye alma, oral motor değerlendirme ve kognitif tarama en çok kullanılan değerlendirme yöntemleri olurken ağız hijyeni, aile eğitimi ve oral motor egzersizler ise en sık kullanılan terapi yaklaşımları olarak belirtilmiştir. Sonuç: Her ne kadar Türkiye'deki DKT'ler mesleki klinik uygulamalar ve standartlar çerçevesinde yeterli düzeyde disfaji eğitimi almış olsalar da, çalıştıkları kurumlarda bu bilgileri uygulama fırsatları yetersizdir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye'deki DKT'lerin disfaji ile ilgili uygulama fırsatlarını geliştirmek için, kurumlardaki DKT istihdamlarının arttırılması ve terapistlere yutma bozukluklarını kapsamlı yönetebilmeleri için iş yerlerinde yeterli olanakların sunulması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yutma bozuklukları; eğitimsel ölçüm; kanıta dayalı uygulama; profesyonel uygulama
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