Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Kar Sporlarında Denge Performansı ile Reaksiyon Zamanlarının Karşılaştırılması: Deneysel Araştırma
Comparison of Balance Performance and Reaction Times in Snow Sports: Experimental Research
Buket SEVİNDİK AKTAŞa , Fatih KIYICIb , Gökhan ATASEVERb , Kemalettin SERENb , Serhat AKTAŞc
a Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Erzurum, Türkiye
bAtatürk Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Erzurum, Türkiye
cGençlik ve Spor İl Müdürlüğü, Erzurum, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2023;15(3):371-9
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2023-99133
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı kar spor branşlarındaki elit sporcuların denge ve reaksiyon zamanlarını karşılaştırılarak aralarındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya kar sporu branşlarında (alp disiplini, kayaklı koşu, snowboard, kayakla atlama ve biatlon) yaş ortalamaları 18,5±2,86 yıl, boy uzunluğu ortalamaları 172,1±6,05 cm, vücut ağırlığı ortalamaları 65,73±10,79 kg ve spor yaşı 10,5±1,48 yıl olan 40 erkek sporcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Sporcuların dinamik ve statik denge testleri sağ-sol-çift ayak olmak üzere altı farklı türde Sportkat 4000 cihazı ile test edilmiştir. Bacak reaksiyon zamanları Optojump cihazı ile ölçülmüştür. Ölçülen parametreler normal dağılım göstermediğinden branşlar arasındaki farklılıkların tespit edilmesinde Kruskal-Wallis, ''post hoc'' için tek yönlü varyans analizi testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Spor branşları arasında özellikle sağ ayak statik dengelerde ve reaksiyon sürelerinde anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Çift ayak dinamik denge hariç diğer tüm denge türlerinde en iyi seviye kayakla atlama sporcularında olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p0,05). Reaksiyon zamanında en iyi sonuç alp disiplini ve kayakla atlama sporcularındadır. Sonuç: Kayakla atlama sporcularının denge değerlerinin diğer branşlardan iyi olmasının, kayma esansındaki dengeli statik duruş, uçuş esnası ve yere inişteki dinamik denge çabasından kaynaklandığını düşünülmektedir. Çift ayak dinamik dengede ise sadece snowboard branşında iki ayağın tek bir kayağa bağlı olmasının etkisi olduğu düşünülmektedir. Alp disiplini sporcularının reaksiyon zamanlarının en iyi olmasının antrenman ve müsabakadaki ani, seri dönüşlerini farklı çevresel faktörlerde uygulayabilme becerilerinden kaynaklandığı söylenebilir. Kayakla atlama, alp disiplini ve snowboard branşlarında denge ve reaksiyonun geliştirilmesi, biatlon sporcularında özellikle statik dengenin geliştirilmesiyle performanslarının geliştirilebileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kar sporları; denge; reaksiyon zamanı; kayak
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the balance and reaction times of elite athletes in different snow sports branches and to examine the relationship between them. Material and Methods: In the snow sports branches (alpine skiing, ski running, snowboarding, ski jumping and biathlon) mean age was 18.5±2.86 years, average height was 172.1±6.05 cm, average body weight was 65.73±10,79 Forty male athletes and a sports age of 10.5±1.48 years participated voluntarily. The dynamic and static balance tests of the athletes were tested with six different types of Sportkat 4000 devices, including right-left-double feet. Leg reaction times were measured with the Optojump device. Since the measured parameters did not show normal distribution, Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the differences between the branches, and the one-way analysis of variance test for post hoc was used. Results: It has been shown that there are significant differences between sports branches, especially in the static balances and reaction times of the right foot. It was determined that the best level in all balance types except double-leg dynamic balance was in ski jumping athletes (p0.05). The best results in the reaction time are in alpine skiing and ski jumping athletes. Conclusion: It is thought that the balance values of ski jumpers are better than other branches, due to the balanced static stance during sliding, the dynamic balance effort during flight and landing. On the other hand, it is thought that the fact that both feet are connected to a single ski only in the snowboard branch has an effect on the double-foot dynamic balance. It can be said that the best reaction times of alpine skiing athletes are due to their ability to apply their sudden, rapid turns in training and competition under different environmental factors. It is thought that the performance of biathlon athletes can be improved by improving balance and reaction in ski jumping, alpine discipline and snowboard branches, especially by improving static balance.

Keywords: Snow sports; balance; reaction time; skiing
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