Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences

Kaynak İşçilerinde Mesleki Maruziyetin Toksikolojik Sorunları
Toxicological Issues of Occupational Exposure in Welding Workers
Dilek TOKAÇa, Merve BACANLIb, Sevtap AYDIN DİLSİZa, Nurşen BAŞARANa
aHacettepe Universitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmasötik Toksikoloji ABD, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
bSağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Gülhane Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmasötik Toksikoloji ABD, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
J Lit Pharm Sci. 2020;9(1):31-41
doi: 10.5336/pharmsci.2019-71048
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Metallerin kesilmesi ve birleştirilmesi işlemlerinde kolay ve hızlı bir teknik olan kaynak yöntemi, imalatçılar ve tamirciler tarafından yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Dünyada milyonlarca insan kaynak işleminde sağlıksız ve güvensiz şartlar altında çalışmaktadır. Kaynakçılıkta işin niteliğine bağlı uygulanan kaynak yöntemi, kaynak yapılan malzemenin kimyasal yapısı, yanma gazı, akım şiddeti, ark gerilimi, kaynak hızı ve süresi, ana malzeme üzerindeki kaplama maddeler ve boyalar, kaynakta kullanılan elektrodun yapısı gibi etkenlere bağlı riskler oluşmaktadır. Kaynakçılıktaki temel olası tehlikeler; toz, kaynak gazı ve dumanı gibi iş yeri ortam havasının kirliliği, elektromanyetik radyasyon, elektrik, gürültü, yangın ve patlama olmakla birlikte kaynakçıların kaynak dumanı yoluyla, önemli toksik metaller (Pb, Ni, FeO, Cu, Cd, F, Mn, Cr gibi) ve gazlara (CO, NO, O3) maruz kaldıkları gösterilmiştir. Kaynak dumanının genel toksik etkileri, kaynak yapılan ortam havasında bulunan toksik gaz ve metallerin cinsine, konsantrasyonuna, maruz kalınan düzeylerine ve sigara içme alışkanlıklarına bağlı olarak değişebilir. Kaynak işçilerinde görülen bronşit, hırıltılı solunum, bozulmuş pulmoner fonksiyon, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı, metal duman ateşi, akciğer kanseri, nörotoksisite ve böbrek toksisitesi gibi sağlık sorunları ile kaynak işlemi sırasında açığa çıkan kaynak dumanı maruziyeti arasında güçlü bir ilişki olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu derleme kapsamında, kaynak işçilerinde kaynak dumanına mesleki maruziyete bağlı olası toksik etkiler kapsamlı olarak değerlendirilecek, kaynak dumanından korunma yöntemleri ve yasal düzenlemeler hakkında bilgi verilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kaynak yapma; kaynak dumanı; iş sağlığı; toksisite
ABSTRACT
 The welding process, an easy and fast technique for cutting and joining metals, is widely used by manufacturers and repairers. Millions of people around the world work under unhealthy and insecure conditions in the welding process. Depending on the nature of the work in welding, the welding process creates risks related to the factors such as chemical structure of the welding material, combustion gas, current intensity, arc voltage, welding speed and time, coating substances and paints on the main material, the structure of the electrode used in welding. The main potential hazards in welding are the pollution of the workplace air such as dust, welding gas and fumes, electromagnetic radiation, electricity, noise, fire and explosion, as well as welders are shown to be exposed to crucial toxic metals and gases through welding fumes. General toxic effects of welding fumes may vary depending on the type and concentrations of toxic gases and metals, their exposed levels, and smoking habits. It has been observed that there is a strong relationship between the exposure of welding smoke during welding process and the health problems such as bronchitis, wheezing, impaired pulmonary function, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, metal smoke fever, lung cancer, neurotoxicity, and renal toxicity in welders. In this review, the possible toxic effects of welding fumes due to occupational exposure in welding workers will be evaluated comprehensively and the information for the protection methods from welding fumes and the legal regulations will be given.

Keywords: Welding; welding fumes; occupational health; toxicity
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4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com