Nutrition in Children With Chronic Diseases

Kronik Akciğer Hastalıklarında Beslenme
Nutrition in Chronic Pulmonary Diseases
Yaşar DOĞANa, Uğur DEVECİa
aFırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Gastroenterolojisi BD, Elazığ, TÜRKİYE
Doğan Y, Deveci U. Kronik akciğer hastalıklarında beslenme. Çullu Çokuğraş F, editör. Çocuklarda Kronik Hastalıklarda Beslenme. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p.19-26.
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Kronik akciğer hastalıkları, solunum yolları ve akciğerin diğer yapılarının hastalıklarıdır. En yaygın olanlardan bazıları kistik fibrozis, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı, astım ve bronkopulmoner displazidir. Bu hastalıkların görülme sıklığı her yaş grubunda giderek artmakta, yaş grubuna göre sıklığı ve etiyolojik nedenleri değişkenlik göstermektedir. Beslenme durumu ile akciğer hastalıkları arasındaki ilişki iyi bilinmektedir. Beslenmenin akciğer hastalıkları üzerine etkisi olabildiği gibi, akciğer hastalıklarının da beslenme üzerine etkisi olabilmektedir. Beslenme yetersizliği, kronik akciğer hastalığı olan hastalarda yaygın fakat kısmen geri döndürülebilir bir komplikasyon olarak hastalığın ilerlemesini ve sonucunu etkilediği gibi, astım gibi bazı kronik akciğer hastalıklarında da kilo artışı ve obezite hastalığın ilerlemesini etkilemektedir. Bununla birlikte, kronik akciğer hastalığı yeni doğanlarda, çocuklarda ve adolesanlarda oksijenlenmeyi değişken derecelerde tehlikeye atmakta ve besinlerin, farklı doku ve organlar tarafından enerji üretimi ve kullanımında sorunlara neden olmakta, solunum fonksiyonları ve solunum dışı sistemlere potansiyel zarar vermektedir. Kronik akciğer hastalığı olan bireylerde beslenme düzenlenirken her yaş grubuna ve hastalık grubuna göre özel, yeterli, dengeli bir beslenme düzenlenmeli, özellikle enerji başta olmak üzere vitamin, mineral ve elektrolitler yönünden eksiklikler giderilmelidir. Bu derlemenin amacı, çocuk ve adolesanlarda kistik fibrozis dışındaki kronik akciğer hastalıkları ile diyet faktörleri arasındaki ilişkileri güncel literatür eşliğinde incelemek, diyet faktörlerinin kronik akciğer hastalıklarını etkileme mekanizmalarını ve hastalıkların önlenmesi ve tedavisinde beslenme tedavisinin önemini vurgulamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kronik akciğer hastalığı; çocuk; beslenme
ABSTRACT
Chronic pulmonary diseases are diseases of the airways and other structures of the lung. Some of the most common are cystic fibrozis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The prevalence of these diseases increases gradually in all age groups, and their frequency and etiological reasons vary according to the age group. The relationship between nutritional status and pulmonary diseases is well known. Just as nutrition may have an effect on pulmonary diseases, pulmonary diseases may also have an effect on nutrition. Nutritional deficiency affects the progression and prognosis of the disease as a common but partially reversible complication in patients with chronic pulmonary disease, while gain weight and obesity affect the progression of the disease in some chronic pulmonary diseases such as asthma. However, chronic pulmonary disease endangers oxygenation to varying degrees in newborns, children and adolescentsts, causing problems in the use of food, energy production and use by different tissues and organs, potentially damaging respiratory functions and non-respiratory systems. While dieting in individuals with chronic pulmonary disease, a special, adequate and balanced diet should be arranged according to each age group and disease group, and deficiencies in terms of electrolytes and minerals, especially vitamins, should be eliminated. The purpose of this review is to examine the relationships between dietary factors and chronic pulmonary disease other than cystic fibrosis in children and adolescents in the light of the current literatüre, to emphasize the mechanisms by which dietary factors affect chronic pulmonary diseases and the importance of nutritional therapy in the prevention and management of diseases.

Keywords: Chronic pulmonary disease; child; nutrition

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