Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Kronik Miyelositer Lösemi Olgularında Philadelphia Kromozomu Haricindeki Sitogenetik Anomalilerin Prognoza Etkisi
THE ROLE OF SECONDARY CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES IN THE PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA CASES
Oral NEVRUZa, Şefik GÜRANb, Cengiz BEYANa, Ahmet IFRANa, Yusuf TUNCAc, Kürşat KAPTANa, Türker ÇETİNa, Turgay FENd, Ali Uğur URALa
aHematoloji BD, bTıbbi Biyoloji AD, cTıbbi Genetik BD, Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akedemisid, Demetevler Onkoloji Hastanesi Hematoloji Bölümü, ANKARA
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2005;25(2):174-7
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Kronik miyelositer lösemi kan ve kemik iliğinde granüler serinin aşırı artışı ile karakterize hastalık tablosudur. Kronik miyelositer lösemi olgularında Philadelphia (Ph1) kromozomu [t(9; 22)(q34; q11)] pozitifliği, kanserde ilk tanımlanan sitogenetik anomali olup kronik miyelositer lösemi tanısında önemlidir. Olguların takibinde Ph1 kromozomu dışı sitogenetik anomaliler gözlenebilir. Bu bulgu çoğu kez kötü prognozun veya blastik fazın habercisi olarak yorumlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda kliniğimizde tanı konarak takip ve tedavi edilen 48 kronik miyeloid lösemi olgusunun ilk tanı ve takibi evrelerinde gözlenen sitogenetik anomaliler ortaya konmuş, elde edilen bulgular klinik veriler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Olgularımızın %93.7'sinde ilk tanı evresinde sitogenetik olarak Ph1 kromozom anomalisi tespit edilmiştir. Olgularımızda ilk tanı evresinde başka bir sitogenetik anomali tanımlanmamıştır. Takip evresinde 7 olguda Ph1 kromozomu dışı klonal sitogenetik anomali tanımlanmış olup (6 olgunun ilk tanı evresinde Ph1 kromozomu tanımlanmıştır), sitogenetik anomali gözlenen 7 olgunun 4'ünde blastik transformasyon gözlenmiştir. Sadece Ph1 kromozomu tanımlanan 2 olguda blastik transformasyon gözlenirken, Ph1 kromozomu negatif bir kronik miyelositer lösemi olgusunda takip evrelerinde farklı kromozomları ilgilendiren klonal kromozomal anomaliler bulunmuş ve olgu kısa sürede kaybedilmiştir. Olgularımızda Ph1 kromozomu haricinde en sık tanımlanan sitogenetik anomali trizomi 8 olup, elde edilen veriler literatür bulguları ile uyumludur. Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız olguların takibi evrelerinde sekonder kromozomal anomalilerin prognoz takibindeki rolünü göstermesi yönünden önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kronik miyelositer lösemi, philadelphia kromozomu, kromozomal anomali,trizomi
ABSTRACT
Objective: Chronic myeloid leukemia is a clonal bone marrow disease characterized by neoplastic overproduction of granulocytes. Nearly all chronic myeloid leukemia patients possess a single cytogenetic abnormality, t(9; 22)(q34; q11), termed the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1). In the disease progression phase, a variety of chromosomal abnormalities have been reported with and without the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. Material and Methods: Here we present cytogenetic analyses of 48 patients diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia. The results were correlated with clinical findings. Results: The Ph1 chromosome presented in 93.7% of all patients during the initial diagnostic phase. No other cytogenetic abnormality was evident. During the treatment phase, seven cases manifested extra chromosomal abnormalities (with six evincing the Ph1 chromosome in the initial diagnostic phase). In four cases in which extra chromosomal abnormality was noted, blastic transformation occurred. By contrast, blastic transformation developed in only two out of 42 cases with Ph1 chromosome abnormality. In one out of three Ph1-negative cases, blastic transformation was observed. This observation was short-lived due to the progression of the disease. Finally, in two patients, trisomy 8 without the Ph1 chromosome finding was seen. Conclusion: Cytogenetic abnormalities similar to those noted in our study of chronic myeloid leukemia have been reported in the literature. These results underline the importance of the secondary chromosomal abnormalities that occur during the disease treatment phase.

Keywords: Myeloid, leukemia, philadelphia chromosome, chromosome aberations, trisomy

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