Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: REVIEW
Küretaj ve Damgalanma: Bir Sistematik Derleme
Abortion and Stigmatization: A Systematic Review
Büşra YILMAZa, Nevin ŞAHİNa
aİstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Kadın Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2020;28(3):451-62
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2019-72414
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Küretaj sebepli damgalanma, kadın sağlığını olumsuz etkileyen durumlardandır. Bu çalışma, küretaj deneyimlemiş kadınların, toplumun ve sağlık profesyonellerinin küretaja yönelik görüş ve tutumlarını içeren çalışmaların sonuçlarını derleyerek, değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmış bir sistematik derlemedir. Derlemeye dâhil etme kriterlerini sağlayan 19 çalışmanın 5'i tanımlayıcı, 13'ü nitel ve 1'i hem tanımlayıcı hem nitel tasarım tipindedir. Çalışmaların örneklemini, toplum ve spesifik olarak küretaj deneyimleyen kadınlar, sağlık çalışanları ve üniversite öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmalar incelendiğinde; küretaj sebepli damgalanmanın kadınlarda anksiyete, korku, keder ve depresyona sebep olabileceği belirlenmiştir. Kadınların küretaj damgalanması yaşamalarında, toplumun ve sağlık bakım vericilerinin küretaja yönelik görüş ve tutumları önemlidir. Toplumun, küretaja karşı olumsuz tutum sergilemesinde toplumun dini görüşünün, kadının medeni hâlinin, birden fazla küretaj deneyimleme durumunun, gebe ve fetüsün genel sağlık durumunun önemli olduğu görülmüştür. Küretajın kirli bir iş ve sorgulanabilir ahlaki ölçüt olarak görülmesi, sağlık bakım vericilerinin ve küretaj uygulayıcılarının, küretaja yönelik görüşünü ve tutumunu etkilemektedir. Küretajın yasal olma durumunun ise hem toplumun hem de sağlık profesyonellerinin küretaja yönelik görüş ve tutumunu etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Küretaj damgalanması deneyimlemekten sakınan kadınların, güvenli olmayan gebelik sonlandırma yollarına başvurduğu görülmüştür. Bu sebeple kadın sağlığının korunup geliştirilmesinde küretaj sebepli damgalanmaların önlenmesi ya da en aza indirilmeye çalışılması hedeflenmelidir. Küretaja yönelik damgalanma toplumdan topluma farklılık gösterdiğinden, sağlık bakım vericileri kendi toplumlarına uygun bu konuda farkındalık oluşturacak eğitim ve destek programlarının yürütülmesinde aktif rol almalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Damgalanma; küretaj; gebeliğin sonlandırılması
ABSTRACT
 Stigmatization due to abortion is one of the conditions adversely affecting women's health. This study is a systematic review to review and evaluate the results of studies including opinions and attitudes of women, community and health professionals who have experienced abortion. Five of the nineteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were descriptive, thirteen were qualitative and one was both descriptive and qualitative. The sample of the study consists of women who experience abortion in society and specifically, health workers and university students. When the studies were examined; it has been determined that stigmatization due to abortion may cause anxiety, fear, grief and depression in women. The opinions and attitudes of the community and health care providers towards abortion are important for women to experience stigmatization of abortion. It was observed that the religious opinion of the society, the marital status of the woman, the experience of multiple abortions, and the general health status of the pregnant and fetus were important in the society's negative attitude towards abortion. The fact that abortion is seen as a dirty job and as a questionable moral criterion affects the opinion and attitude of health care providers and abortion practitioners towards abortion. It was determined that the legal status of abortion affects the opinions and attitudes of both the society and health professionals towards abortion. It was found that women who avoided experiencing abortion stigmatization resort to unsafe pregnancy termination methods. For this reason, it should be aimed to prevent or minimize the stigma due to abortion in the protection and promotion of women's health. Since stigma on abortion differs from community to community, health care providers should take an active role in conducting training and support programs that will raise awareness of this issue in their respective communities.

Keywords: Stigma; abortion; pregnancy termination
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