Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences

Mikro ve Nanoemülsiyonların Farmasötik Yönden Değerlendirilmesi
Evaluation of Micro and Nanoemulsions in Pharmaceutical Aspect
Emine Dilek ÖZYILMAZa, Özgün SAYINERb, Tansel ÇOMOĞLUb
aDoğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmasötik Teknoloji ABD, Gazimağusa, KKTC
bAnkara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmasötik Teknoloji ABD, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
J Lit Pharm Sci. 2020;9(1):65-76
doi: 10.5336/pharmsci.2019-66287
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Son yıllarda emülsiyon tipi ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler üzerine araştırmalar yoğunlaşmaktadır. Gerek hazırlama yöntemlerinin göreceli olarak kolaylığı gerek mikroemülsiyonlarda olduğu gibi kararlılığı yüksek formülasyonların elde edilebilmesi ve farmasötik uygulamalarda ve endüstriyel ölçeklendirmede kolay yer bulabilmeleri nedeni ile sıklıkla tercih edilen ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler olarak tanımlanmaktadırlar. Başarılı bir emülsiyon formülasyonunun geliştirilmesinde en önemli etken, uygun bir emülgatör seçilmesidir. Emülsiyon tipi ilaç taşıyıcı sistemleri; klasik emülsiyonlar, mikroemülsiyonlar ve nanoemülsiyonlar olarak inceleyebiliriz. Mikro ve nanoemülsiyon kavramları yaygın olarak birbiri yerine kullanılan 2 kavram olmakla birlikte, bu 2 kavram arasında terminolojik, formülasyon süreçleri, damlacık boyutu-şekli ve stabiliteleri bakımından temel farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Mikroemülsiyonlar; berrak, termodinamik olarak kararlı, izotropik sıvı karışımlardır. Yağ, su, yüzey etken madde ve yardımcı yüzey etken madde kullanılarak hazırlanırlar. Geleneksel emülsiyonlara oranla nano boyuta kadar inebilen çok küçük damlacıkları içerirler. Mikroemülsiyonlar, enerji gereksinimi olmadan kendiliğinden oluşmaları, stabilitelerinin yüksek olması, yüksek çözündürme kapasitesine sahip olmaları ve hızlı bir şekilde emilerek, yüksek biyoyararlanım göstermeleri nedeni ile hem ilaç hem de kozmetik alanda sıklıkla tercih edilen emülsiyon şekilleridir. Nanoemülsiyonlar ise nano ölçekli damlacıkların dağılımı yönünden mikroemülsiyonlara çok benzemekle birlikte, kendiliğinden oluşan mikroemülsiyonlardan farklı olarak mekanik kuvvet uygulanarak üretilirler. Nanoemülsiyonlar, hazırlanmalarında çok daha az miktarda yüzey etken maddeye ihtiyaç duyulması ve filtrasyonla sterilizasyona imkân sağlamaları gibi avantajlara sahiptirler. Bu çalışmada, mikro ve nanoemülsiyonların özelliklerinden, sağladıkları avantaj ve dezavantajlardan, formülasyon bileşenlerinden, hazırlanma yöntemlerinden ve kullanım alanlarından söz edilerek, emülsiyon sistemleri karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Mikroemülsiyon; nanoemülsiyon; emülsiyon hazırlama yöntemleri; mikroemülsiyon ve nanoemülsiyonlar arasındaki farklar; mikro ve nanoemülsiyonların kullanım alanları
ABSTRACT
 In recent years, research on emulsion type drug delivery systems has been intensified. They are often defined as preferred drug delivery systems because of the relatively ease of preparation methods and the ability to obtain stable formulations, such as microemulsions, and their availability in pharmaceutical applications and industrial scaling. The most important factor in the development of an ideal emulsion formulation is the selection of a suitable emulsifier. Emulsion- type drug delivery systems; classical emulsions, microemulsions and nanoemulsions. Although micro and nanoemulsion concepts are commonly used interchangeably, there are fundamental differences between these two concepts in terms of terminological, formulation processes, droplet size-shape and stability. Microemulsions; are clear, thermodynamically stable, isotropic liquid mixtures. They are prepared using oil, water, surfactant and cosurfactant. They contain very small droplets that can go down to nano size compared to conventional emulsions. Microemulsions are frequently preferred emulsion forms in both pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields because they form spontaneously without energy requirement and they have high stability, high dissolution capacity and high bioavailability by absorbing rapidly. Nanoemulsions are similar to microemulsions in terms of the distribution of nano-scale droplets, but they are produced by applying mechanical force unlike microemulsions. Nanoemulsions have the advantage that they require a much smaller amount of surfactant in their preparation and allow filtration sterilization. In this review, the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, formulation components, methods of preparation and uses of the micro and nanoemulsions will be evaluated comparatively.

Keywords: Microemulsion; nanoemulsion; emulsion preparation methods; differences between microemulsion and nanoemulsions; application areas of micro and nanoemulsions
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