Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics

.: REVIEW
Okul Temelli Psikolojik İlk Yardım
School Based Psychological First Aid
Nurhayat KILIÇa
aArtvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimler Fakültesi, Psikiyatri Hemşireliği ABD, Artvin, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr. 2020;29(3):159-67
doi: 10.5336/pediatr.2020-74139
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Dünyada farklı şekil ve yaygınlıkta birçok afet olayı yaşanmaktadır. Afetler, ansızın ortaya çıkan ve toplumda unutulmaz izler bırakan yıkıcı olaylardır. Afetler birçok yerde olduğu gibi, çocuk ve ergen sayısı bakımından toplumun en büyük nüfus yoğunluğuna sahip yerler olan okulları da olumsuz etkilemektedir. Yaşanan afetlerin okullar üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirebilmek ve güvenli ortamlar oluşturabilmek için etkili psikososyal müdahalelere ihtiyaç her geçen gün artmaktadır. Okullar, afet durumlarında ve sonrasında faaliyetlerine devam eden ve etkilenen bireylere psikososyal destek sağlayan önemli ortamlardır. Öğrencilerin zamanlarının pek çoğunu geçirdikleri yerler olduğu ve acil durum sonrasında toplumun destek alabileceği kurumlar hâline gelebilecekleri için psikolojik ilk yardımın verilmesine uygun mekânlardır. Okulda psikolojik ilk yardım; acil bir durumun hemen ardından öğrencilere, ailelere ve okul personeline uygulanan destekleyici ve pratik yardım yaklaşımıdır. Bu yaklaşım, kısa ve öz müdahaleler ile öğrenci ve okul personelinin travmatik yaşantı sonrası günlük yaşamlarına kısa sürede ve sağlıklı bir şekilde dönmelerine, yaşadıkları tepkilerle daha kolay baş etmelerine katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle okullarda psikolojik ilk yardım müdahalelerinin yer alması, okul yönetimi ve personeli tarafından öğrenilerek gerektiğinde kullanılması önerilmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, Brymer ve ark. tarafından afet durumlarında okullarda kullanılması önerilen 8 temel basamaktan oluşan psikolojik ilk yardım modeli tanıtılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Krize müdahale; okullarda sağlık hizmetleri; afetler
ABSTRACT
 There are many disaster incidents in the world in a different and widespread manner. Disasters are destructive events that occur suddenly and unexpectedly and leave unforgettable traces in society. Disasters affect many places, as well as schools that have the largest population density in the society in terms of the number of children and adolescents. In order to minimize the negative effects of disasters on schools and create safe school environments, the need for effective psychosocial interventions in schools is increasing every day. Schools are an important environment that continues their activities in and after disasters and provides psychosocial support to affected individuals. Schools are suitable places for psychological first aid to be given, as they are places where students spend most of their time and can become institutions where the community can get support after an emergency. Psychological first aid at school is a supportive and practical assistance approach to students, families and school staff immediately after an emergency. This help approach helps students and school staff to return to their daily lives in a short time and after a traumatic life, and to cope with their reactions more easily. Therefore, psychological first aid interventions in schools should be learned by school management and school staff and used when necessary. In this review study, Brymer et al., introduces a psychological first aid model consisting of 8 basic steps recommended for use in schools in disaster situations.

Keywords: Crisis intervention; health ser vices in the schools; disasters
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