Turkiye Klinikleri Veterinary Sciences-Surgery - Special Topics

Köpek ve Kedilerde Spinal Hastalıklar Özel Sayısı
.: REVIEW
Omurilik Hasarında Güncel Tedavi Yöntemleri
Current Treatment Methods of Spinal Cord Injury
Pınar CANa, Ömer BEŞALTIa
aCerrahi AD, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Ankara
Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci Surg- Special Topics. 2016;2(3):45-9
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Omurilik hasarı insan ve veteriner hekimliğinde, oldukça ağır bedelleri olan bir hastalıktır. Nedeni ne olursa olsun omurilik hasarının patofizyolojisinde primer ve sekonder hasar mekanizmaları birlikte rol oynar. Primer hasar omurilikteki fiziksel yaralanmadır, geri dönüşümsüz olup; nöral dokunun laserasyon, kontüzyon, kompresyon veya traksiyonu sonucunda oluşur. Sekonder hasar primer hasarı takiben oluşur ve primer hasarın yayılmasından sorumludur. Sekonder hasar mekanizması primer hasara göre daha karmaşık moleküler ve biyokimyasal bir takım reaksiyonlar sonucunda oluşur. Moleküler ve hücresel boyuttaki bu hasarlar sonucunda ise parezsis, parapleji ve/veya fekal ve üriner inkontinens gibi klinik bulgular ortaya çıkar. Günümüzde omurilik hasarının tedavisi için deneysel veya klinik araştırmalar; sekonder hasarın önlenmesi, sağlam kalan aksonların korunmasını, rejenerasyonun teşvik edilmesini, sağlam kalan nöral dokunun fonksiyonelliğinin arttırılmasını, tahrip olan nöral dokunun yerine yenisinin koyulmasını ve bu yaklaşımların kombinasyonunu içermektedir. Sonuç olarak, gerek deneysel gerekse klinik birçok çalışmaya konu olan omurilik hasarının tatmin edici düzeyde tedavisi için henüz uygun bir tedavi protokolü geliştirilememiştir. Buna karşın kaydedilen gelişmelerin araştırmacıları cesaretlendirdiği ve hastalar için de bir umut vadettiği görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Omurilik; omurilik yaralanmaları; klinik protokolleri
ABSTRACT
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease for both human and and veterinary medicine. Regardless of the reason, primary and secondary injury mechanisms play a role together in pathophysiology of the SCI. Primary injury is physical injury to the spinal cord due to laceration, contusion, compression, and traction of the neural tissue, and is irreversible. Secondary injury to the spinal cord occurs after primary injury and causes expansion of the primary injury, and refers to the molecular and biochemical events. Following these molecular and biochemical events, clinical signs as paresis, paraplegia, fecal and urinary incontinence will be seen. Either experimentalor clinical investigation for SCI include preventing secondary injury, protection of remained neural tissues, promoting regeneration and/or sprouting of remaining axons, enhancing the purposeful function of remaining neural circuitry, replacing destroyed spinal cord tissue and a combination of these approaches. In conclusion, a magic bullet for the treatment of SCI hasn't been found yet. Recnt development in SCI encourage the investigators and give hope to patients.

Keywords: Spinal cord; spinal cord injuries; clinical protocols

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