Shoulder Pain and Common Shoulder Problems

.: PREFACE
ÖN SÖZ
PREFACE
Prof. Dr. Zeynep GÜVEN
Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar Üniversitesi Atakent Hastanesi, Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon ABD, İstanbul, Türkiye
Article Language: TR
Omuz ağrısı, bel ve diz ağrısından sonra en sık karşılaşılan eklem ağrısı olup, kişinin yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkileyen, doğru tanı ve tedavi ile yönetilebilen ancak ihmal edildiğinde kronikleşerek önemli sağlık sorunlarına ve fonksiyonel kısıtlanmaya neden olabilen bir durumdur.

Çok yönlü hareket yeteneğine sahip ve üst ekstremiteyi gövdeye bağlayan bir kavşak olan omuzda, anatomik olarak nispeten dar bir alanda birlikte çalışan çok sayıda kemik, eklem, kas, bağ, tendon ve bursanın yer alması nedeniyle, ağrı etyolojisi farklılık göstermektedir. Omuz kavşağı ile eklem çevresi yapılarının travmatik, dejeneratif ve inflamatuar süreçleri gibi akut veya kronik intrensek sorunlar ve refere ağrı, omuzda ağrı oluşturan başlıca nedenlerdir.

Omuzun tanı yöntemlerindeki gelişmeler ve biyomekaniğinin daha iyi anlaşılması ile tanısal sınıflandırma, koruma yaklaşımları ve tedavi yöntemleri konusunda önemli gelişmeler kaydedilmiştir. Günümüzde omuzda ağrıya neden olan sorunların çoğu, aralarında rehabilitasyonun da olduğu konservatif yöntemler ile tedavi edilebilmektedir.

Omuz ağrısına neden olan intrensek sorunların başında yer alan omuz impingement (sıkışma) sendromunun tipi iyi tanımlanmaz, uygun ve erken tedavi edilmezse rotator manşet tendonlarında yapısal bozulma ve yırtıklara yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle hastanın klinik muayene ve öyküsünün radyolojik bulgular ile korelasyonu ve buna göre tedavi yaklaşımının belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Glenohumeral eklemin instabiliteleri ve skapuler diskinezi, omuz ağrısı ile başvuran bazı hastalarda göz ardı edilebilen, atlanan veya yetersiz tedavi edilen durumlar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu hastalarda glenohumeral ve skapulotorasik eklemlerin mekaniğinin düzeltilmesi ve yeterli nöromusküler kontrolün sağlanması, tedavi başarısını etkileyen önemli unsurların başında gelmektedir.

Başüstü omuz hareketleri gerektiren sporların yaygınlaşması ile amatör ve profesyonel sporcularda omuz ağrısı giderek artan sıklıkla görülmekte ve bu sorunların büyük çoğunluğunu tekrarlayan ve aşırı kullanımdan kaynaklanan zedelenmeler oluşturmaktadır. Sporcularda omuz ağrısına neden olan sorunların iyi tanımlanması ve ilgili sporun gerektirdiği omuz mobilitesi ile birlikte, eklem stabilitesinin de en üst düzeyde sağlanmasına yönelik olacak şekilde tedavinin planlanması büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Türkiye Kliniklerin'nin bu kitabında; akut travma dışındaki sık görülen ve omuz ağrısına neden olan sorunların sınıflandırılması, tanı ve tedavileri hakkında güncel ve kanıta dayalı bilgi aktarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu alanda çalışan meslektaşlarımız ve sağlık profesyonelleri için yararlı bir kaynak olmasını dilerim. Kitap bölümlerinin hazırlanmasında kişisel deneyimlerini de aktararak, özveri ve özenle katkıda bulunan tüm değerli meslekdaşlarıma ve kitabın hazırlanmasındaki tüm aşamalarda destek veren Türkiye Klinikleri'ne çok teşekkür ederim.

Saygılarımla.

Prof. Dr. Zeynep GÜVEN
Editör
Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar Üniversitesi Atakent Hastanesi, Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon ABD, İstanbul, Türkiye
Shoulder pain is the most common joint pain after low back and knee pain. It is a condition that negatively affects the individual's quality of life, can be managed with correct diagnosis and treatment, but when neglected, can become chronic and cause significant health problems and functional limitations.

Various conditions can cause pain in the shoulder which a joint that connects the upper extremity to the body, and is capable of multi-directional movement . The shoulder has many bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons and bursae working together in a relatively narrow anatomic area. Acute or chronic intrinsic problems such as traumatic, degenerative and inflammatory conditions of the shoulder junction and surrounding structures and referred pain are the main causes of shoulder pain.

With advances in diagnostic methods and a better understanding of the biomechanics of the shoulder, significant progress have been made in diagnostic classification, prevention approaches and treatment methods. Today, most of the problems that cause shoulder pain can be treated with conservative methods, including rehabilitation.

Shoulder impingement syndrome, which is one of the main intrinsic problems that cause shoulder pain, if not well defined and not treated appropriately and early, can causes structural deterioration and tears in the rotator cuff tendons. Therefore, it is of great importance to correlate the patient's clinical examination findings and history with radiological findings and determine the treatment approach accordingly.

Instabilities of the glenohumeral joint and scapular dyskinesis are causes that can be ignored, overlooked or inadequately treated in some patients presenting with shoulder pain. In these patients, correcting the mechanics of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints and ensuring adequate neuromuscular control are among the important factors affecting the success of treatment.

As sports requiring overhead activity are becoming increasingly common, shoulder pain is increasing in amateur and professional athletes, and the majority of these problems are caused by repetitive and overuse injuries. It is of great importance that the problems that cause shoulder pain in athletes are well identified and the treatment is planned to simultaneously ensure the highest level of joint stability along with the shoulder mobility required by the relevant sport.

In this book of Türkiye Klinikleri, it is aimed to provide up-to-date and evidence-based information about the classification, diagnosis and treatment of common problems other than acute trauma that cause shoulder pain. I hope the book will be a useful resource for our colleagues and healthcare professionals working in this field. I would like to thank all my valuable colleagues who contributed devotedly and diligently by sharing their personal experiences in the preparation of the book chapters, and Türkiye Klinikleri, which provided support at all stages of the preparation of the book.

Sincerely.

Prof. Dr. Zeynep GÜVEN
Editor
Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University Atakent Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, İstanbul, Türkiye

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